Introduction 35Criticism of the TAC regulation: decision-making process, biological, economic, and institutional implications 36 Material and methods 36ICES assessment of marine populations 37 ICES scientific recommendations, quota proposals, and approved quotas 37Catches, fishing mortality, recruitment, biomass, discards, and exploitation rates 37Three sustainability indicators in relation to the maximum sustainable yield 37 AbstractThis paper combines official data from 1990-2007 for (i) the Total Allowable Catchs (TACs) recommended by International Council for the Exploration for the Sea (ICES) scientists and the proposed and approved TACs and (ii) biomass, recruitment, catches, fishing effort, and current exploitation rates for all marine populations subjected to TAC regulation. The differences between the fishing quotas and the scientific recommendations provided by the ICES were calculated to be 19% after the first CFP reform (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) and 21% after the second one (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). In some species, these differences showed a three-fold increase, in particular those currently considered to be beyond the biological safety limits.Regarding the most important index of abundance, the results also indicate a biomass and recruitment reduction of 75-85% of the stocks and 90% of catches, whereas the fishing mortality increased in 35% of stocks. In addition, of all populations analysed under TAC regulation, 20% presents an increase in the current exploitation rate, 17% did not show significant changes, and the remaining 63% presented a reduction between 1990 and 2007. These results could contribute to the recovery of stocks. However, following the methodology used by Worm et al. who reported that 6 out of the 10 (60%) marine ecosystems examined showed current exploitation rate values that were significantly higher than those that provide the maximum sustainable yield, this study demonstrates that 86% of the populations regulated by TACs present values higher than exploitation rates that give maximum sustainable yield, following an alarming pattern of exploitation. Impact of the TAC regulation (I): relationships among scientific recommendations, proposals, and approved quotas for commercial populations 38 Pelagic species 38European anchovy (Engrasulius engrasulius) 38Atlantic herring (Harengus harengus) 38 Demersal species 39Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 39European hake (Merluccius merluccius) 39 Megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii and Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) 40European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) 40Common sole (Solea solea) 40Whiting (Merlangius merlangius) 41 Benthic species 41Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) 41Impact of the TAC regulation (II): relationships among catches, fishing mortality, recruitment, biomass and exploitation rates 43The dynamics of catches 43 Fishing mortality 44Recruitment 44Spawning stock biomass 44The exploitation rate (U current ) and the maximum sustainable yield (U mmsy ) 44Impact of the TAC regulation (III): p...

Corporate carbon footprint (CCFP) is one of the most widely used indicators to synthesise environmental impacts on a corporate scale. We present a methodological proposal for CCFP calculation on the basis of the “method composed of financial accounts” abbreviated as MC3, considering the Spanish version “metodo compuesto de las cuentas contables”. The main objective is to describe how this method and the main outputs obtained work. This latter task is fulfilled with a practical case study, where we estimate the carbon footprint of a wine-producing company for the year 2006. Results show the origin of impacts generated, providing this firm with disaggregated information on the contribution to its CCFP of each one of its activities and consumptions

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Corporate carbon footprint (CCFP) is one of the most widely used indicators to synthesise environmental impacts on a corporate scale. We present a methodological proposal for CCFP calculation on the basis of the "method composed of financial accounts" abbreviated as MC3, considering the Spanish version "metodo compuesto de las cuentas contables". The main objective is to describe how this method and the main outputs obtained work. This latter task is fulfilled with a practical case study, where we estimate the carbon footprint of a wine-producing company for the year 2006. Results show the origin of impacts generated, providing this firm with disaggregated information on the contribution to its CCFP of each one of its activities and consumptions.

Analizar a importancia económica da pesca require de información económica detalladarespecto dos inputs, os empregos dos produtos ou a demanda, sendo as táboas input-outputa ferramenta que mellor capacidade ten para amosar a rede de interrelacións e dependenciasentre os distintos sectores da economía.A partir da Táboas input-output da Pesca-Conserva Galega 2011 podemos soster que ocomplexo mar-pesca galega, acadou en 2011 unha cifra de produción de 3.705,4 millóns deeuros, dos que 2.434,7 lle corresponderon a industria conserveira e de alimentos do mar e1.270,7 ao conxunto dos sectores marisqueiro, pesqueiro, mitícola e piscícola mariño,derivándose deles os impactos directos e indirectos, fundamentalmente sobre a economíagalega, pero tamén sobre a economía española e mundial.Da análise da función de producción da pesca galega despréndese que constitúe unhaactividade económica cun elevado poder de arrastre, que produce tiróns en forma de redee/ou de constelación industrial e de servizos nun moi elevado número de sectores. A relacióneconómica directa ven expresada pola dependencia cos 74 sectores que aparecen nas táboas,pero indirectamente relacióna-se á súa vez con todos e cada uns dos que destes dependen.Así mesmo, constátase que se trata dunha actividade económica claramente industrial.