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Due to the uneven distribution of geochemical elements and environmental pollution caused by industrial development, the environmental media in some areas are rich in fluorine and arsenic. High-fluorine, high-arsenic, and double high regions of both fluorine and arsenic exist widely in the world. The attention to the harm of endemic fluoride, arsenic and their combined poisoning on the intelligence, learning and memory of children has been paid. We herein reviewed the research results on the effects of fluorine, arsenic and their combined effects on learning and memory.■