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Between aspirations and reality Making farming, food systems and rural areas more resilient, sustainable and equitable

This study showed that DGF did not adversely affect kidney graft survival in patients without rejection. However, it increased the length of hospitalization and the number of graft biopsies, thus increasing the cost of transplantation. Moreover, rejection was more frequent in patients with DGF, and it had a negative impact on graft outcome. Because the association of DGF and rejection gave the poorest outcome, an effort should be made to prevent both complications.

The importance of social capital for agricultural and rural development is explored in this paper through the analysis of seven comprehensive case studies that have been carried out in the framework of the European RETHINK research programme. The case studies are based on rather different initiatives at the interface between agricultural and rural development in Germany, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, Denmark and Israel. The case studies represent a broad spectrum of socio‐economic and agricultural contexts and focus on the role of social capital for development. We explore how social capital materialises in the context of rural areas, and what nuances it acquires in different rural environments. The case studies are used to better understand, and to illustrate, different expressions of social capital in different situations. Within the broad notion of social capital, we pay particular attention to trust, cooperation, sense of community, and culture and tradition. All four dimensions play a critical role in agricultural and rural development as they affect how people relate to each other, organise themselves and interact for development.

Medium-term survival of HIV-infected patients on dialysis was lower than that of matched HIV-negative patients. Fewer HIV-infected patients had access to kidney transplantation. Being on effective cART improves survival. Further studies are needed to determine whether peritoneal dialysis increases mortality.