Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: Complications and long term functional results Background: The ileo anal-pouch-anastomosis (IPAA) is the treatment of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim: To analyze the surgical outcomes, long term evolution and functional results of IPAA. Material and methods: All patients subjected to an IPAA, from 1984 to 2006 were identified from a prospectively constructed inflammatory bowel disease database. Surgical variables, postoperative complications and functional evaluation, using Öresland score were analyzed. Chi square, Fischer exact test, T Student, Mann Whitney and binary logistic regression were included in the statistical analysis. Results: In the study period 107 patients, aged 14 to 62 years (61 females), subjected to an IPAA, were identified in this period. All patients, except 4, had a J pouch. All were protected with a loop ileostomy. Thirteen patients (12.1%) had specific postoperative complications: pelvic collections in five (4.6%), wound infection in four (3.7%), fistula of the anastomosis in two (1.8%), hemoperitoneum and pouch necrosis in one each. Three (2.7%) patients were reoperated. There was no post-operative (30 days) mortality. A complete follow-up was obtained in 106 of 107 patients: four evolved as Crohn disease; four lost their pouch and two died for other causes. One patient required an ileostomy due to a vaginal fistula. Seventy two patients were followed more than 36 months after ileostomy closure and 92% have a satisfactory intestinal function. In the univariate analysis, poorest intestinal function was related to age of diagnosis of UC and presence of chronic pouchitis. In the multivariate analyses age of diagnosis was associated with poor function. Conclusions: IPAA has a low rate of complications. The long term intestinal function is satisfactory in most patients. A poorer intestinal function was observed in older patients and those with chronic pouchitis (Rev Méd Chile 2008; 136: 467-74).

Exactitud de la endosonografía rectal en la estadifi cación tumoral en pacientes con cáncer de recto sin quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria* Drs. GONZALO AbstractAccuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in tumor staging of rectal cancer patients not treated with preoperative chemo-radiation Introduction: Preoperative T staging of rectal cancer is essential for an adequate treatment strategy. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is one of the available modalities. The reported accuracy of this technique for T staging is variable. This inconsistency might be due to neoadyuvancy, and its downstaging properties. Aim: Determine the accuracy of rectal EUS for T staging of middle and lower rectal tumors in patients not treated with neoadyuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of all consecutive patients evaluated by rectal EUS between years 2001-2009 in the Catholic University Clinical Hospital were accessed. Of 2.120 patients, 294 had the exam performed for middle or lower rectal cancer. Those who did not receive neoadyuvant chemo-radiation and whose histopathology was available were analyzed. Result: Data was obtained for 69 patients. The overall accuracy of EUS for T staging was 85%. For T1 tumors, the sensibility, specifi city and accuracy were 82%, 96% and 94% respectively. For T2 tumors the sensibility, specifi city and accuracy were 72%, 83% and 78 respectively. For T3 tumors the sensibility, specifi city and accuracy were 82%, 83% and 83% respectively. Conclusion: Rectal EUS continues to be a valuable staging procedure for tumor depth invasion, with an overall accuracy of 85%.Key words: Endoscopic ultrasonography, rectal cancer, accuracy. ResumenIntroducción: La estadifi cación tumoral (T) preoperatoria es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer de recto. La endosonografía rectal (ER) es una de las modalidades disponibles. La exactitud de esta técnica para la estadifi cación tumoral es variable en la literatura, y se sospecha que esta inconsistencia se debe a la neoadyuvancia, por el descenso de estadio que esta produce. Objetivo: Analizar la exactitud de la endoso- Los autores no refi eren confl ictos de interés.

Pathologic complete response in patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer Background: The standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (RC) of the middle and lower third of the rectum is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (XRQT) follow by oncologic resection. After this treatment in 15-25% of the cases, the pathologist reports complete pathological response (pCR). Aim: To describe demographic, clinical and survival data of patients with pCR undergoing chemoradiotherapy and radical resection for RC. Material and Methods: Historic cohort study. In a prospectively maintained database between 2000 and 2010, we identified patients with RC, who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy according to protocol, followed by radical resection. The preoperative staging was obtained by clinical examination, endoscopy, rectal ultrasound, CT scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis and pelvic MRI. Demographic data, tumor location, time between the end of XRTQ and surgery, postoperative staging (according AJCC) and survival, were collected. Results: 119 patients received preoperative XRTQ, 65% male, with a mean age of 58 years. The most frequent tumor site was the lower third (63%). Surgery was performed 8 weeks after the end of XRTQ. Of 119 patients with XRTQ, 15.1% had a pCR. Overall survival was 75%, and cancerspecific survival was 80.4% at 5 years in patients without pCR. For patients with pCR, the 5 year survival estimates for overall and cancer specific survival was 100%. We did not identify factors associated with pCR. Conclusions: In this study, pCR was comparable to other larger series reported elsewhere. No factors associated with pCR were identified.Key words: Pathological complete response, rectal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. ResumenIntroducción: El cáncer de recto (CR) de tercio medio e inferior localmente avanzado se trata con radio-quimioterapia (XRTQ) preoperatoria. Luego XRQT y resección quirúrgica, 15-25% presentan respuesta patológica completa (RPC) de la lesión. Objetivo: Comparar características demográficas, clínicas y sobrevi-

Factors associated with early morbidity in laparoscopic colorectal surgery Introduction: Different factors have been associated with increased risk of complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The aim of this study is to identify these factors in our series. Method: Retrospective cohort. All patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery between January 2000 and June 2012 were included. Patients who had postoperative complications until 30 days postoperatively were identified and analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p value less than 0.2 was used was used as a criteria for entry into the multivariate model. Results: The series consists of 848 patients with a median age of 58 ± 22 years. Main surgical indications were: neoplasia (42.3%), diverticular disease (27.8%) and inflammatory bowel disease (8.8%). Most frecuently-performed procedures were: sigmoidectomy (39.5%), anterior resection of the rectum (13.4%), right hemicolectomy (13%) and total colectomy (8.7%). On univariate analysis, factors associated with complications were age over 75 years (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.25) and red blood cell transfusion (OR 8.47, 95% CI 3.69 to 19.43). On multivariate analysis, red blood cell transfusion (OR 7.9 95% CI 1.78 to 35.88) and ASA III or IV (OR 3.26 95% CI 1.01 to 17.23) were independent factors associated with postoperative complications. Conclusion: Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion and ASA score III or IV are independent risk factors associated with complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Analysis of predictive factors for conversion to open surgery in laparoscopic colorectal surgeryBackground: Conversion to open surgery of laparoscopic procedures is not in essence a complication, but invalidates the benefi ts of laparoscopy. Aim: To identify the predictive factors for conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Material and Methods: Revision of medical records of all patients with colorectal disease operated using a laparoscopic approach, from 1998 to 2010. Gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), previous abdominal surgery, elective/urgency procedure, benign/malignant disease, type of resection and surgeon experience were recorded. A logistic regression model was done to determine which variables were predictive for conversion to open surgery. Results: The medical records of 582 patients aged 57 ± 17 years (45% men) were analyzed. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 7.1%. The logistic regression model selected as predictors of conversion a BMI over 25 kg/m