We report a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, on long-term (2 years, 6 months) galsulfase enzyme replacement home therapy. Results support the efficacy and safety benefits, with additional advantage of home therapy to minimize the risk of community-transmitted infections at this time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the N-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulfatase enzyme (also known as arylsulfatase B or ASB), which results in the accumulation of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) dermatan sulfate (DS) in different tissues of the body. 1 The disease is associated with high morbidity and reduced life expectancy, 2,3 although its incidence is lower than that of other MPS (1/455 000 live births). 4 In Monte Santo, Brazil, the prevalence is estimated at 20/1 000 000, probably as a result of a founding effect and inbreeding, with a single homozygous mutation present (p.H178L). 5 No studies reporting the prevalence of this disease are available in Peru or other Latin American countries. The N-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulfatase enzyme is found predominantly not only in the skin, but also in tendons, blood vessels, airways, and heart valves. 6 Studies have shown that DS accumulation creates an inflammatory response through the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway, resulting in chondrocyte apoptosis and ensuing progressive arthropathy. 7,8 It affects bone, cartilage, liver, spleen, ligaments, joints, heart valves, airways, meninges, and corneas. As a result of the accumulation of DS in the different tissues, clinical signs and symptoms are multisystemic and heterogenous. There is evidence of growth stunting, coarse facies, thick hair, skeletal deformities, frequent upper airway infections, hepatosplenomegaly, hearing loss, sleep apnea, and stiff joints. 2 Other anatomical abnormalities and heart valve dysfunction have been reported in all patients. 3 Patients with MPS VI generally appear healthy at birth, with symptoms usually manifesting in early infancy as a result of increased GAG concentration in the cells. The clinical
Objetivo: Describir las caracteristicas clínicas y epidemiologicas de la epilepsia-ausencias en niños en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH). Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo. Se identificaron los pacientes con diagnóstico de ausencias del Servicio de Neuropediatría atendidos desde enero de 1998 hasta diciembre del 2002. Criterios de inclusión: manifestaciones clínicas de ausencias y Electroencefalograma característico. Exclusión: pacientes con lesiones cerebrales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes (6.4% del total). La edad promedio al inicio de enfermedad fue 6.6 años, sexo femenino: 54.5% y tiempo de enfermedad antes del diagnóstico: 12.5 meses. Presentaron antecedente familiar de convulsiones 30.3% y antecedente de eventos perinatales adversos 18.2%. El 39.4% de pacientes presentó ausencias simples y 60.6% ausencias complejas. El 36.4% tuvo inicialmente un patrón electroencefalográfico bilateral asimétrico que posteriormente se tornó simétrico. Todos recibieron ácido valproico pero en 6% se tuvo que cambiar de medicación debido a efectos adversos y 12% tuvieron que recibir terapia combinada por falta de control. Edad, sexo, tipo de crisis, EEG, antecedentes familiares o perinatales, no influyeron en las características clínicas, electroencefalográficas o respuesta terapéutica. Conclusión: Las ausencias representan 6.4% de todas las epilepsias. La edad promedio es de 6.6 años, los antecedentes familiares están presentes en 30.3% de los pacientes y los eventos adversos perinatales en 18.2%. Las ausencias complejas con automatismos son las más frecuentes y el ácido valproico es un tratamiento efectivo. El tiempo de enfermedad antes del diagnóstico fue 12.5 meses por lo cual se recomienda mayor difusión a nivel de padres, educadores y personal de salud para diagnóstico y control oportunos.
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