This study is an essay about cancer prevention, health promotion, and the action strategies in this field. The advances in the last decades were obvious, but the equitity in relation to health promotion and cancer prevention is not accomplished yet, being this the main challenge for the XXI century. In this meaning, it is believed that the valorization of knowledge, believes, values and norms of the individuals, understood in a large and similar way, are essential to the health services reorientation.
comportamentos de prevenção dos sujeitos são baseados em seus conhecimentos e crenças sobre a doença, determinando, assim, seu modo de compreender o câncer, sua etiologia, a importância e as formas de prevenção do câncer. Assim, a reação social do indivíduo em relação ao câncer pode ser identificada e explicada pelo ME leigo, que incorpora a experiência e a percepção do indivíduo em face do câncer e dos comportamentos de prevenção desta doença. Palavras-chave: cultura, prevenção, câncer, enfermagem. ABSTRACT CESTARI, M. E. W. A influência da cultura no comportamento de prevenção do câncer. [the influence of the culture on the cancer prevention behavior] 2005. 167f. Dissertação (mestrado) -Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2005.The objective of this study was to apprehend the ideas about cancer prevention from the point of view of a specific group of people registered in the National Prevention Program, having the culture based on the medical and interpretative anthropology as a baseline. From this perspective, this study was developed on the qualitative methodological approach, specially the ethnographical method, using the case-study technique. The people/individuals who participated of this study as subjects were nine women who had undergone the cervical cancer prevention exam in the period from January to December 2003 in Basic Health Unit of North Paraná. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews and observation. In the data analysis we have found four units of significance: the cancer and its etiology; the importance of prevention, the ways of prevention and the issues that motivate or not this practice;the impact of health professionals in the behavior of cancer prevention; and what really prevents it. In some units we noticed that the general knowledge approaches the biomedical knowledge. We found the belief that cancer is a lethal disease, surrounded by stigmas. The prevention techniques performed were: regular examinations, healthy nourishment, safe sexual and reproductive behavior, no smoking, sun cares, alternative therapy and doing nothing. The factors considered motivating in prevention behavior were: the communication means; the health professionals; contact with cancer patients; self-care; the easy access to examinations; the fear; the duty imposed by God and the habits. Among the demotivating factors, excelled: the lack of time; the fear; the shame; the health system restrictions; cost restrictions and the unbelief on the disease possibility. The family and the friends had motivating, de-motivating and sometimes unconcerned roles. The health professionals have been considered responsible by the adhesion to prevention practices, being registered the difficulty of dialogue issues and similar questions. In the last unit, the belief about prevention was limited to health promoting behaviors like: healthy nourishment; fight against smoking, practice of physical activities and secondary prevention actions, represented by performing regular exa...
Objetivo: identificar os sentimentos despertados nas mulheres frente ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado no ambulatório de oncologia de um hospital universitário, com 11 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e idade entre 43 e 58 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, de maio a julho de 2015. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados conforme a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: após a análise emergiram três categorias: o impacto do diagnóstico; a vivência prévia da doença, o autoconhecimento e sua aceitação; esperança embasada na fé em Deus. Considerações Finais: a maioria das mulheres demonstraram-se extremamente sensibilizadas com o diagnóstico de câncer de mama e aflitas diante da incerteza da morte; outras, por já terem vivenciado a doença em um ente próximo, sentiram-se mais fortes e reagiram melhor ao diagnóstico.
To identify reasons for low adherence to the Papanicolaou test in women seeking care in primary health care. Methods: cross-sectional study. Data collection carried out during home visits, applying questionnaire to characterize sociodemographic aspects as well as the reasons for non-adherence to examination and suggestions for facilitating adherence. Results: among 169 women, 67% were of reproductive age and 73.9% have finished elementary school. The failure to previously scheduled examination was due mainly to the beliefs and attitudes (36.1%) and service organization (25.4%). The feelings reported by women during the Papanicolaou test were shame (55.6%), discomfort (32.5%) and pain (20.7%). Conclusion: Although the screening of cervical cancer is essential for timely intervention, a significant proportion of women still does not adhere to examination by myths and taboos, beliefs, and health attitudes, as well as service organization.
RESUMO O Papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um vírus sexualmente transmissível com potencialidade carcinogênica para a cérvice uterina, o que torna a infecção de mulheres pelo HPV um problema de Saúde Pública. Neste estudo utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa segundo o referencial da Fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger, com o objetivo de apreender os sentimentos vivenciados por mulheres infectadas pelo HPV ao saberem do diagnóstico da doença. Os sujeitos foram 14 mulheres que tinham recebido o diagnóstico de HPV. A questão norteadora foi: Como é para você estar com HPV? Conte-me a sua experiência desde que soube do diagnóstico até hoje. Os sentimentos desvelados pelas mulheres infectadas foram: sofrimento, desespero, frustração, culpa, preocupação, vergonha e medo. O desvelamento destes sentimentos possibilitou uma melhor compreensão do processo vivenciado por estas mulheres ao receberem o diagnóstico da doença e o significado que permeia a vivência de estar com o HPV. Mostrou-se a necessidade de que os profissionais da área da saúde avancem no que se refere ao cuidado com as mulheres infectadas pelo HPV, superando o trabalho restrito à racionalidade das ciências biomédicas. É preciso ser-com-o-outro e redescobrir a profundidade do ser em sua vida cotidiana, para assim intervir com qualidade nas ações de saúde.
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