ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of illicit tobacco trade (ITT) and different ITT modes—tax stamp counterfeiting and smuggling—in Argentina.DesignCross-sectional study using an empty tobacco pack survey with a simple random cluster sampling design. Classification as licit/illicit using forensic analysis of tax stamps and packs and econometric modelling.SettingCities of Buenos Aires, La Matanza, Cordoba, Rosario, Mendoza, Neuquen, Posadas, Salta; January–June 2019.ResultsOf a total sample of 15 658 packs, 83.2% were manufactured in Argentina and 16.8% were foreign packs. Overall ITT prevalence—weighted by district population size—was estimated at 13.7%, where 6.1% was attributable to stamp counterfeiting—that is, a forged stamp not issued by the national tax authority—and 7.6% to contraband smuggling of foreign cigarette packs—that is, illicit trade of packs across national borders.ConclusionsThe ITT problem in Argentina seems to be equally represented by counterfeiting of tobacco tax stamps on packs with domestic features and smuggling of foreign cigarette packs. Foreign cigarettes represent a minor component of the pack sampled in most of the country, except in Salta and Posadas, which are located close to the border with Paraguay. It is essential to implement an effective track-and-trace system including the monitoring of tax stamp authenticity and increase border control to block the entry of smuggled products, particularly from Paraguay. Reducing ITT is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of tobacco taxation measures.

RESUMEN En mayo de 2016, el Poder Ejecutivo de Argentina sancionó el decreto 626, que aumentó los impuestos internos de los cigarrillos de 60% a 75%, lo que implicó un aumento de 50% en su precio medio de venta al público. Esta medida fue impulsada desde la Fundación Interamericana del Corazón (FIC) Argentina a través de una estrategia que incluyó el desarrollo de investigaciones locales para determinar la viabilidad y el impacto de la medida, la elaboración de una propuesta política, el trabajo en red con otras organizaciones de la sociedad civil nacionales e internacionales, acciones de incidencia colaborativa con referentes del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional y la implementación de una estrategia de comunicación. La particularidad de cada uno de los contextos económicos, sociales, políticos e institucionales de los países de la Región de las Américas requiere que las propuestas políticas se adecúen a la realidad local. La experiencia de trabajo desarrollada por FIC Argentina sirve como guía para otras organizaciones que en la Región buscan impulsar aumentos de los impuestos al tabaco u otras políticas destinadas a proteger la salud pública, adaptando las recomendaciones internacionales y la evidencia local al contexto de cada país. En este artículo se comparte una serie de lecciones aprendidas que pueden servir en otros países.

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Objective. To assess progress in and barriers to implementing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in Uruguay, which has a complete ban, and Argentina, with a partial ban. Methods. Legislation on TAPS bans in Uruguay and Argentina was reviewed and relevant published literature, news stories, civil society reports and tobacco industry reports retrieved to analyze progress in implementing TAPS bans. Results. In Uruguay, the complete TAPS ban, which includes standardized tobacco packaging, maintains high compliance and severely limits exposure of TAPS, despite a few problems with corporate social responsibility, social media, and transnational advertising. In Argentina, the partial TAPS ban has more problems with compliance and exposure to TAPS. The most important barriers to implementing TAPS bans in both countries are the tobacco companies. In Uruguay, tobacco companies do not comply in a few areas but the complete ban greatly minimizes this. In Argentina, however, tobacco companies can more easily exploit gaps in the partial TAPS ban, such as advertising at the points of sale, promoting contests, and using influencers on social media. Conclusions. The partial TAPS ban in Argentina illustrates the problems with enforcement and the tobacco industry’s ability to exploit loopholes and continue to market their products, especially to young people. A complete TAPS ban, including standardized tobacco packaging, as in Uruguay, is easier to implement and enforce and is effective in reducing exposure to tobacco advertising. Nevertheless, governments should prioritize implementing TAPS bans on social media, which remains a difficult sphere to monitor and allows tobacco companies to continue recruiting and targeting young people.