Background: Emergency departments are the services with the highest risk of violence for nurses. Reports of violence in health care have increased exponentially in the last decade. Front line hospital services are more at risk, and worldwide there are attempts to quantify, manage and prevent episodes of violence, but no consistent solutions have yet been identified. Aims:To stimulate reflection on causal factors of violence against nurses in emergency departments and discuss potential solutions and strategies for aspects that largely remain unresolved.Design: A position paper underpinned by experiences and evidence reported in the literature.Methods: A search of Scopus and CINAHL using the term 'violence' provided information concerning the prevalence of the term 'violence' in contemporary literature and enabled to capture a general overview of contributing factors of violence and current approaches to its management and prevention.Conclusions: However, while risk factors have been identified, there is a tendency to over accentuate the extent of their contribution. The main risk factors present conditions related to or accompanied by mental illness and the impact of overcrowding and long waiting times.Relevance to Clinical Practice: More is needed in terms of implementation of more far-reaching, holistic, practical and effective management solutions to promote nurses' safety and adequately support vulnerable patients.

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Aim To investigate the factor structure of an Italian translation of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI). Background Italy suffers from high turnover rates, yet validated tools in Italian to study and manage the problem are lacking. The PES‐NWI measures aspects of nurses' working environment. This study reports on the translation and investigation of the structure of the translated PES‐NWI scale. Methods A survey was conducted with 3667 nurses from 182 hospitals across 13 Italian regions using the PES‐NWI. The structure of this scale was investigated using principal components analysis and other properties, including internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Construct validity was investigated using logistic regression. Results The Italian translation of the PES‐NWI showed a five‐factor structure, and Cronbach's alpha of the factors ranged between 0.80 and 0.92. Logistic regression showed that the PES‐NWI was positively related to job satisfaction (odds ratio = 10.3; CI 8.62–12.35) and negatively related to intention to leave (odds ratio = 0.14; CI 0.12–0.16). Conclusions The original five‐factor structure of the PES‐NWI was evident in the present study, albeit with some different factor loadings. Implications for Nursing Management The Italian version of the PES‐NWI can be used by nurse managers to tackle the workforce issues related to nurses' work environments in a major European country.

Aim:To report an analysis of the concept of fundamental care in the literature.Design: An evolutionary concept analysis.Data sources: PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases were consulted using the key terms: fundamental care, fundamentals of care, essential care, basic nursing care and basic care revised. Articles published from 2008 to 2022, in English and Italian, in scholarly/peer-reviewed nursing journals were included.Methods: Rodgers's Evolutionary Method of concept analysis was used. Our thematic analysis yielded common themes related to the concept, antecedents, attributes and consequences of fundamental care.

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