The present study aimed to assess the validity of a Spanish version of the Geriatric Depression-15 Scale (GDS-15) in Ecuadorian adults. Cross-sectional study to validate GDS-15 in its short version (GDS-15). Internal consistency and factor structure were assessed through Kuder Richardson 20 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A total of 211 subjects 65 years of age and older participated in the validation process. Internal consistency was adequate, the Kuder Richardson 20 coefficient for the total scale was 0.73. Three factor structure was found for the scale. This study highlights the importance of having a validated scale for screening depression in the elderly. This study provides an evidence for the use of GDS-15 in Ecuadorian elderly population to screen for depression.

El Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental, ha revelado que aproximadamente el 15%, de adultos mayores, han presentado al menos un episodio de depresión, en su etapa de transición hacia la vejez. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la prevalencia de depresión y los posibles factores asociados con la misma, en población de adultos mayores del Hospital de Atención Integral del Adulto Mayor, durante el período de marzo a mayo del 2018. Se hizo un estudio observacional de prevalencia. Se aplicó el Test de Yesavage y se utilizó la Escala socio familiar de Gijón. Se compararon proporciones utilizando estadígrafos distribuidos Chi cuadrado, se utilizó Pruebas T de student para comparación de medias Se analizaron factores de riesgo, asociados con el desarrollo de la depresión mediante la regresión logística bivariada y multivariada. Se calcularon intervalos Odds ratios y sus intervalos de confianza al 95%. La prevalencia de depresión en adultos mayores fue del 55,0%, con predominio en el sexo masculino quienes representaron el 59,2%, en sujetos divorciados y viudos con el 72,7% y el 72,1% respectivamente, con un nivel de instrucción secundaria, correspondiente al 67,0%, en residentes del área rural con el 60,0%, en adultos mayores con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Parkinson, quienes alcanzaron el 77,3%, en hospitalizados con el 68,2%, en lo referente al riesgo social, se observó que a mayor riesgo social, mayor porcentaje de depresión. Existe una alta prevalencia de depresión en población de adultos mayores, con factores predisponentes, que pueden ser modificables, si se realiza la atención del adulto mayor por parte de un equipo multidisciplinario, si se toman medidas de prevención, antes del desarrollo de la misma, con un soporte emocional.

Care work is vital for social reproduction but relies almost exclusively on women; in addition to this, social reproduction activities are generally unpaid, undermining their role in sustaining the economy and life itself. This historic burden on women impacts their access to the labor market, the quality of their jobs, and their physical, mental, and emotional health. In this paper, we find evidence of gender inequalities in the labor market and their relationship with time allocation and unpaid care work in El Salvador, a Central American country. We use the Encuesta de Hogares de Propósitos Múltiples for 2019 and 2020 to identify the hours women and men spent in care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they differ according to their position in the workforce, the presence of children, and their ages. According to the results, in 2019, female workers allocated 22.6 hours per week to care activities and 26.8 hours when they had children, while men spent 7.6 hours per week and 8.8 when they had children. This shows that women work three times more per week in care activities than men, and even more when they have children. Additionally, the care workload increases to up to 33.6 hours per week for women with children of 5 years old or younger. Since many women had to work from home during the pandemic, social reproduction activities overlapped with their job responsibilities. In fact, in 2020, the care workload demanded up to 24 hours per week from female workers’ time, 28 if they had children, while men allocated 8 to 9 hours per week to these activities. This work intensity requires women to stop working or to become self-employed, more likely in the informal sector.

TC is one of the most common malignancy that shows familial inheritance with ∼8 fold increase in the risk of developing TC in first-degree relatives affected by this disease. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) aimed at characterizing the risk loci for TC have identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs966423, rs2439302, rs965513, rs116909374 and rs944289) associated with increased risk for TC. However, effect of these polymorphisms have bot been studied in any Hispanic population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the above-mentioned SNPs in 235 TC patients and 588 healthy controls from Central Colombia using KASP genotyping system. Genotype frequencies, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and association testing was carried out using Plink. The cumulative genetic risk was assessed using unweighted and weighted approaches. Significant associations between thyroid cancer risk and rs965513A (OR = 1.503, 95% CI: 1.203-1.886, P = 0.00038) and rs944289T (OR = 1.372, 95% CI: 1.095-1.699, P = 0.00488) was observed in our study. Consistent, yet not -significant associations were observed between disease risk and rs2439302T (OR = 1.177, 95% CI: 0.931-1.477, P = 0.1666) and rs116909374A (OR = 1.626, 95% CI: 0.799-3.766, P = 0.2443). For rs966423G, significant departure from HWE was observed therefore this SNP was excluded from further analysis. The combined analyses of rs2439302, rs965513, rs116909374 and rs944289 showed consistent associations between the number of disease alleles and cancer risk. Having three risk alleles increased disease risk by two-fold (OR = 2.09, 95% CI:1.46 - 3.02),while carrying five risk alleles was associated with nearly 4-fold increase in the disease risk (OR = 3.84, 95% CI:1.47 - 10.06). To our knowledge, this was the first study that assessed TC risk associated with known polymorphisms in the Hispanic population and suggest that these variants could be used in future risk prediction profiling studies in these populations. Citation Format: Ana Estrada-Flórez, Mabel E. Bohórquez-Lozano, Rodrigo Prieto-Sánchez, Gilbert F. Mateus, Alejandro Rios, Alejandro Vélez Hoyos, Carlos S. Duque, Mirko A. Ledda, Maria J. Erazo, Fernando Bolaños, Cesar Panqueba, María Magdalena Echeverry de Polanco, Luis G. Carvajal-Carmona. Evaluation of known low-penetrance thyroid cancer risk alleles in a Hispanic population from South America. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-046. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-046