The human monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic orthopoxvirus with a clinical presentation similar to that of smallpox. It is difficult to differentiate monkeypox from other orthopedic infections, and laboratory diagnosis is the primary component of disease identification and monitoring. However, current diagnostics are time-consuming, and new tests are needed for rapid and precise diagnosis. Most cases have been reported in Central Africa; however, an increasing number of cases have been reported in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Although investigation of the current global outbreak is still ongoing, viral transmission seems to have occurred during crowded events in Spain and Belgium. New therapeutics and vaccines are being deployed for the treatment and prevention of monkeypox, and more research on the epidemiology, biology, and ecology of the virus in endemic areas is required to understand and prevent further global outbreaks.

Essential thrombocytopenia is the myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with the JAK2/CALR/MPL mutation. It is characterized by an increase in thrombocytes and abnormal megakaryocytes. WHO established the diagnostic criteria for diagnosing the myeloproliferative disorder, which is the combination of molecular, clinical, and histological findings. The appearance of megakaryocytes on bone marrow biopsy is the distinguishing feature to identify myeloproliferative neoplasm, and this short review would like to emphasize the presentation of megakaryocytes in bone marrow biopsy.

Dermoid cysts are benign masses of embryologic origin that can present in various anatomical locations throughout the human body. This article presents the case of a 30-year-old male who presented to our emergency department with complaints of tongue swelling accompanied by worsening dysphagia and dysphonia in the context of a chronic, midline mass in the floor of the mouth. Computed tomography (CT) imaging and surgical pathology of the mass ultimately revealed findings consistent with a dermoid cyst causing inferior displacement of the mylohyoid muscle. Initial management consisted of bedside drainage to temporize the airway, with marsupialization and in-office follow-up. Definitive treatment was achieved with surgical excision at a later date.

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Although rare but some patients developed hyperthyroidism preceded by hypothyroidism after being treated with levothyroxine. I reported a 35-year-old male who developed hyperthyroidism after getting treated with levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Patient showed evident clinical and biochemical hypothyroidism with TSH of 175 μU/mL and free T4 of 2.7 pmol/L, and started on levothyroxine. Levothyroxine was stopped after 3 years as he had become euthyroid. However, over a period of 1 year, he gradually had developed thyrotoxic state with TSH less than 0.01 μU/mL and T4 of 26 pmol/L and clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. He has now started on methimazole 5 mg/day and will be followed up in 6 months. Therefore, physicians are required to have a frequent assessment of thyroid function test to identify the occurrence of this rare entity of swinging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism in order to initiate proper treatment.