Evidence of bias of self-reported smoking cessation during pregnancy is reported in high-income countries but not elsewhere. We sought to evaluate self-reported smoking cessation during pregnancy using biochemical verification and to compare characteristics of women with and without biochemically confirmed cessation in Argentina and Uruguay. In a cross-sectional study from October 2011 to May 2012, women who attended one of 21 prenatal clinics and delivered at selected hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Montevideo, Uruguay, were surveyed about their smoking cessation during pregnancy. We tested saliva collected from women <12 h after delivery for cotinine to evaluate self-reported smoking cessation during pregnancy. Overall, 10.0% (44/441) of women who self-reported smoking cessation during pregnancy had biochemical evidence of continued smoking. Women who reported quitting later in pregnancy had a higher percentage of nondisclosure (17.2%) than women who reported quitting when learning of their pregnancy (6.4%).

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The aim of this research is to know the barriers and opportunities that nursing professionals detect in their clinical practice in order to develop the culture of patient safety and to identify future research lines. This qualitative study is based on the DELPHI method, with a group of 19 nursing professionals from education and care practice, involving both primary and specialized care. Weaknesses and threats revolve around five categories: profession, organization and infrastructure; indicators; communication and safety culture; and safety training. Opportunities to improve safety cover six categories: organizational change; promotion of the safety culture, professional training and development; relationship with the patients; research; and strategic planning. Work is needed to improve safety and nursing should be ready to assume this leadership. Fortalezas e ameaças em torno da segurança do paciente segundo a opinião dos profissionais de enfermagem O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as barreiras e oportunidades que os profissionais de enfermagem detectam em sua prática clínica para o pleno desenvolvimento da cultura da segurança do paciente e identificar possíveis linhas de pesquisa futuras. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado na técnica Delphi modificada sobre um grupo composto por 19 profissionais de enfermagem do âmbito docente e assistencial, tanto do atendimento primário como especializado. Encontrou-se que as debilidades e ameaças giram em torno de cinco categorias: profissão; organização e infra-estrutura; indicadores; comunicação e cultura de segurança; e, formação em segurança. As oportunidades para melhorar a segurança compreendem seis categorias: mudança organizacional; fomento da cultura de segurança, formação e desenvolvimento profissional; relação com os pacientes;pesquisa; e, planejamento estratégico. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de trabalhar para melhorar a segurança e que a enfermagem deve assumir essa liderança.Descritores: Enfermagem; Gerenciamento de Segurança; Técnica Delfos; Pesquisa Qualitativa. Fortalezas y amenazas en torno a la seguridad del paciente según la opinión de los profesionales de enfermeríaEl objetivo de este estudio es conocer las barreras y oportunidades que los profesionales de enfermería detectan en su práctica clínica para el pleno desarrollo de la cultura de la seguridad del paciente e identificar posibles líneas de investigación futuras. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en la técnica Delphi modificada sobre un grupo compuesto por 19 profesionales de enfermería del ámbito docente y asistencial, tanto de atención primaria como especializada. Se encontró que las debilidades y amenazas giran alrededor de cinco categorías: profesión; organización e infraestructura; indicadores; comunicación y cultura de seguridad; y, formación en seguridad. Las oportunidades para mejorar la seguridad comprenden seis categorías: cambio organizacional; fomento de la cultura de seguridad, formación y desarrollo profesional; relación con los pacientes, investigación; y,...

BackgroundArgentina and Uruguay are among the countries with the highest proportion of pregnant women who smoke. The implementation of an effective smoking cessation intervention would have a significant impact on the health of mothers and infants. The “5 A’s” (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) is a strategy consisting of a brief cessation counseling session of 5–15 minutes delivered by a trained provider. The “5 A’s” is considered the standard of care worldwide; however, it is under used in Argentina and Uruguay.MethodsWe will conduct a two-arm, parallel cluster randomized controlled trial of an implementation intervention in 20 prenatal care settings in Argentina and Uruguay. Prenatal care settings will be randomly allocated to either an intervention or a control group after a baseline data collection period. Midwives’ facilitators in the 10 intervention prenatal clinics (clusters) will be identified and trained to deliver the “5 A’s” to pregnant women and will then disseminate and implement the program. The 10 clusters in the control group will continue with their standard in-service activities. The intervention will be tailored by formative research to be readily applicable to local prenatal care services at maternity hospitals and acceptable to local pregnant women and health providers. Our primary hypothesis is that the intervention is feasible in prenatal clinics in Argentina and Uruguay and will increase the frequency of women receiving tobacco use cessation counseling during pregnancy in the intervention clinics compared to the control clinics. Our secondary hypotheses are that the intervention will decrease the frequency of women who smoke by the end of pregnancy, and that the intervention will increase the attitudes and readiness of midwives towards providing counseling to women in the intervention clinics compared to the control clinics.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01852617