Flax is an important functional food because it is the richest source of ω-3 fatty acid i.e. αlinolenic acid (ALA). Flax also contains Lignin, flax fiber and minerals having potential health benefits against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and neurological disorders. The Protein of flaxseed is also useful for preventing heart diseases and improves immunity. Flaxseed oil is used in different bakery products, muffins, cakes, juices, dairy products, macaroni and pasta. This review focuses on importance of the flaxseed and composition of its oil which includes the potential health benefits and commercial uses of flax as a functional food.

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Sugar beet is a crop of huge national economic importance. The beetroot plant shows great sensitivity to the abiotic factors especially to fertility of the soil. The lack of nutrients in the soil where this plant is grown weakens its normal development and significantly reduces its yield. Therefore, the present research work was planned to assess the impact of planting schemes and mineral fertilizer norms on the quality production of sugar beet. Research works were carried out in 2021-2022 with Caucasian variety of sugar beet on irrigated gray-brown soils. The field experiments were laid out under different plnating schemes and fertilizer application rates. In case of 50x20 cm planting scheme without fertilizer (control); dry matter 21.4%, sugar 15.6%, protein 5.38%, fat 0.61%, cellulose 5.69%, ash 4, 46% and nitrate nitrogen 147.5 mg/kg in wet mass, respectively were recorded in background (P120K90) variant; 15.9%; 5.85%; 0.65%; 5.77%; 4.53% and 163.8 mg/kg.The quality indicators of sugar beet, as well as root and fruit crops, increased significantly compared to the control and background (P120K90) variants in the increased rates of nitrogen fertilizer along with the background. The highest quality indicators were observed in the background+N90 variant, respectively 24.9%; 17.9%; 6.21%; 0.76%; 6.05%; 4.71% and 183.0 mg/kg. In the 50x20 cm planting scheme, which has more food space, the quality indicators were higher in each of the studied options than in the 50x10 cm and 50x15 cm planting schemes, depending on the mineral fertilizer norms. 0.8-3.5% dry matter, 0.3-2.3% sugar, 0.47-0.83% protein, 0.04-0.15% fat, cellulose 0.08-0.36%, ash by 0.07-0.25% and nitrate nitrogen increased by 16.3-45.7 mg/kg in wet weight. The amount of nitrates in the root fruits of sugar beet was much less than the permissible limit (250 mg/kg in wet weight). It is concluded that the highest indicators were obtained in the background+N90 and 50x20 cm planting scheme.

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The research was conducted in the research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics (PB&G), University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan during spring 2014. The triplicated research trial was laid out following randomized complete block design (RCBD). Fifteen lines of sunflower were studied for genetic variability and association of economic traits with seed yield. The data were recorded on quantitative traits i.e. days to 50% flowering (DFF), plant height (PH), number of leaves per plant (NOL), head diameter (HD), leaf area (LA), filled achene (FA), 100 achene weight (100AW), oil contents (OC), achene yield per plant (AY/P) and qualitative traits i.e. head angle at maturity (HA), achene color(AC). The recorded data were subjected to analysis of variance, correlation and path coefficient analysis. The accessions were highly significant for all traits under study. The accessions A-2.2 showed good performance for most of studied traits. The accession B-3.1 also show better performance followed by A-4.3 and A-7.10. Genotypic correlations are higher than phenotypic correlations. 100AW, NOL, LA and HD had positive and highly significant genotypic correlations with AY/P. Genotypic correlation of AY/P was significantly negative with PH, DFF and oil contents. LA, NOL, 100AWand OC showed direct positive effect on AY/P. DFF, PH, HD and FA had negative direct effect on AY/P.