IntroductionAIDS enters its third decade as an epidemic of great transcendence, affecting the quality of life of the population, principally young adults, and having a great impact on the economy and societal and family structures. It is estimated that at the beginning of the present century, worldwide, there are 40 million people living with HIV, with 4 million new infections per year, and 2.8 million deaths worldwide 1 .Substantial changes in the levels of morbidity-mortality have been recorded, due to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), starting in 1996 2,3 , with a significant increase in life expectancy in places where HAART is available, and furthermore with marked socioeconomic 4 and gender differentials 5 .The majority of people infected with HIV or AIDS in developing countries have not benefited from, as they do not yet have access to, therapies that are presently available in developed countries, presenting a profound inequality in relation to access to essential medications 6 .This article reviews the principal epidemiological findings of the Brazilian epidemic and summarizes the results of national research through articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE and/or SciELO databases up to 2006, as well as via complementary analyses of databases of AIDS cases reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health (Reportable Diseases Da-REVISÃO REVIEW
This article analyzes the temporal distribution of reported AIDS cases by level of education used as a proxy variable for individual socioeconomic status. All AIDS cases aged 20-69 years and reported through May 29, 1999May 29, , with date of diagnosis between 1986May 29, -1996
OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução temporal da epidemia de Aids, no nível individual, sob a perspectiva de variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais, com ênfase na escolaridade. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os casos de Aids de 20 a 69 anos de idade, notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde e diagnosticados entre 1989 e 1997, com diferença maior que sete dias entre as datas de óbito e de diagnóstico. Foram considerados três graus de escolaridade: "grau I" (com até 8 anos de estudo), "grau II" (com mais de 8 anos de estudo) e "ignorado". Para cada sexo, foi analisada a evolução temporal da distribuição dos casos por grau de escolaridade, região, tamanho populacional do município e categoria de exposição. Foi utilizado um modelo logístico multivariado para avaliar o efeito conjunto dessas variáveis. RESULTADOS: O grau de escolaridade foi "ignorado" em 22% dos casos. Entre os casos com escolaridade informada, percentuais mais elevados de "grau I" foram observados no sexo feminino, nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, nos municípios com menos de 500 mil habitantes e nas categorias de exposição "heterossexual" e "uso de drogas injetáveis". Observou-se uma redução gradativa do percentual de casos com maior escolaridade ao longo dos anos analisados para ambos os sexos e em todas as variáveis analisadas, menos pronunciado na categoria de exposição "homo/bissexual". CONCLUSÕES: A epidemia de Aids no Brasil teve início nos estratos sociais de maior escolaridade e depois se expandiu entre as populações com menor escolaridade, principalmente do sexo feminino, residentes em municípios de menor população e por meio das exposições heterossexuais e do uso de drogas injetáveis.
Since record linkage errors can bias measures of disease occurrence and association, it is important to assess their accuracy. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of a multiple pass probabilistic record linkage strategy to identify deaths among persons reported to the Brazilian AIDS surveillance database. An HIV/AIDS national surveillance database (N = 559,442) was linked to a total of 6,444,822 deaths registered (all causes) in the Brazilian mortality database. To estimate standard measures of accuracy, we selected all AIDS cases with a date of death registered in the surveillance database from 2002 to 2005 (N = 19,750) and 38,675 cases known to be alive in 2006. The linkage strategy presented a sensitivity of 87.6% (95%CI: 87.1-88.2), a specificity of 99.6% (95%CI: 99.6-99.7), and a positive predictive value of 99.2% (95%CI: 99.1-99.3). We observed a small variation in the validity measures according to some putative predictors of mortality. Our findings suggest that even large and heterogeneous databases can be linked with a satisfactory accuracy.
All the contents of this chapter, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported.Todo o conteúdo deste capítulo, exceto quando houver ressalva, é publicado sob a licença Creative Commons Atribuição -Uso Não Comercial -Partilha nos Mesmos Termos 3.0 Não adaptada.Todo el contenido de este capítulo, excepto donde se indique lo contrario, está bajo licencia de la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0 Unported. Caminhos da saúde pública no BrasilJacobo Finkelman (Org.
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