Antecedentes: La familia Apocynaceae está entre las 13 más diversas de México y su conocimiento taxonómico ha tenido una atención creciente con la implementación de filogenias y otras herramientas para resolver su sistemática. Con más de 10 años del último listado enfocado en la familia, resulta necesario actualizar el conocimiento sistemático del grupo. Pregunta: ¿Cómo se ha consolidado hasta nuestros días el conocimiento sistemático del grupo en México? ¿Cómo ha cambiado el número de géneros y especies de Apocynaceae en el país y su distribución geográfica por estado? Especie de estudio: Apocynaceae Sitio de estudio: México Método: Revisión de herbarios nacionales e internacionales, bases de datos y una búsqueda intensiva de literatura. Así como colectas en diferentes partes del país. Resultados: Apocynaceae presenta 52 géneros y 418 especies nativas, 204 de ellas endémicas. La subfamilia Asclepiadoideae destaca con 27 géneros y 314 especies. Los estados con más especies y endemismos son Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz y Guerrero. Los estados con más microendemismos son Oaxaca (18 spp.), Chiapas y Jalisco (6 spp.), Baja California Sur y Veracruz (5 spp.). Se proporciona una clave de géneros y un listado actualizado. Conclusiones: Apocynaceae se ubica en el lugar número 12 de las familias más diversas del país. Esto reitera al país como un centro de diversidad del grupo. La integración de más estudios relacionados a la aplicación de herramientas filogenéticas, modelos de distribución y redes de interacción biológica permitirá entender mejor a la familia y proporcionar una historia natural más completa.

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A new species of Gonolobus from northwestern Mexico with green and barbate corollas is described here. Gonolobus naturalistae is morphologically similar to G. barbatus, G. pectinatus, and G. sororius but differs in corolla and corona morphology and distribution. Descriptions, illustrations, morphological comparisons, and geographic distribution maps of these species, as well as their conservation status, are provided. This discovery highlights Mexico as a center of diversity for the genus, with around 40 species recorded, and highlights its endemism, with 48.7% of the species occurring in the country.

Two new species of Asclepias from Mexico are described here: A. sauronii and A. graogramanii. The first species, from the states of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, is morphologically similar to A. otarioides, but differs by its ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate leaves and its yellow corona with digitated and curved horns. The second species, distributed in Jalisco and Nayarit, is similar to A. glaucescens, but differs by its pink to white-pinkish flowers, its sessile gynostegium and its cylindrical to oblongoid, and rarely slightly conduplicate hoods. Descriptions, morphological comparisons, and geographic distributions of these species as well as a proposal of their conservation status are provided in this study. This discovery highlights Mexico as a center of diversity of the genus, with 75 species currently known in the country. Furthermore, 45.3% of those species are endemic to Mexico.

Background and Aims: In Mexico, the genus Gonolobus is currently represented by 43 species. Gonolobus has been studied for some regional floras and taxonomic novelties are continuously being described. In this context, during the review of the herbarium material and collections made in the state of Oaxaca, a specimen that failed to be assigned to any described Gonolobus in Mexico and Mesoamerica was found. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe a new species of Gonolobus from Oaxaca. Methods: Eleven herbaria and five virtual collections were revised, and several field trips to Oaxaca were conducted in 2018 to collect specimens. The studied material was compared with other species with similar morphology, a comparative table was prepared, and a distribution map included. The conservation status of the species based on field observations according to the IUCN Red List criteria is presented. Key results: A new species of Gonolobus from southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico, with large green corollas, is described herein. A description and images of the new species are provided. Gonolobus cthulhui is morphologically similar to G. leianthus and G. pancololote, but differs by its black-tipped and widely ovate to suborbicular sepals, pubescent diagonal pattern on the corolla lobes, and thinner and discontinuous faucal annulus. An Endangered (EN) conservation category is suggested for this species. Conclusions: This discovery highlights Oaxaca as the second state, after Chiapas, with most species of Gonolobus (19 spp.), and Mexico as a center of diversity for the genus, with 44 species recorded, of which 52.2% are endemic to the country.