Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a variation in the circulation of common respiratory viruses. Our objective was to analyse the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with previous epidemic seasons. Methods We conducted an observational study involving infants with RSV bronchiolitis admitted to a tertiary hospital during two periods: pandemic COVID-19 (15 March 2020–30 September 2021) and pre-pandemic (1 October 2014–14 March 2020). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Results A total of 270 patients were admitted for RSV bronchiolitis: 253 in the pre-pandemic period with an average of 42 admissions per season vs 17 in the pandemic. During the pandemic, the RSV outbreak started late in June 2021 with a higher percentage of prematurity and PICU admissions. Conclusion A change in RSV seasonality was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an unusual outbreak in summer 2021 of lower magnitude than previous seasons.

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Introducción: La pandemia COVID-19 ha modificado la propagación de ciertos virus respiratorios causantes de bronquiolitis aguda. Analizamos la epidemiología de los ingresos por bronquiolitis durante la pandemia COVID-19 en comparación con 8 temporadas epidémicas anteriores. Métodos: Estudio observacional ambispectivo, que incluyó lactantes con bronquiolitis ingresados en un hospital terciario durante dos períodos: pandemia COVID-19 (15 marzo-2020 a 31 agosto-2021) y pre-pandemia (1 septiembre-2012 a 14 marzo-2020). Se recogieron características demográficas, clínicas y etiología. Resultados: Ingresaron 510 pacientes por bronquiolitis: 486 en el período pre-pandemia con una media de 61 ingresos por temporada vs 24 durante la pandemia, observándose una reducción de ingresos del 60,7%. Durante la pandemia, el brote epidémico se inició con retraso abarcando la primavera-verano 2021. El virus respiratorio sincitial fue el agente etiológico más frecuente en ambos períodos. Conclusiones: Observamos un cambio estacional de la bronquiolitis durante la pandemia COVID-19, probablemente influenciado por las medidas de control frente a SARS-CoV-2.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM:The aim of this study is To determine the clinical, radiological and bacteriological characteristics of pleural empyema in children. METHOD:This is a retrospective study over 10 years spanning from 2011 to 2021 collecting all cases of purulent pleurisy under the age of 14. RESULTS:It's about 29 patients. The age was between 3 months and 6 years with an average age of 2 years. Antibiotic therapy before admission was received by 19 patients associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 12 cases. The fever had been evolving for an average of 6 days. On imaging, 27 patients had unilateral involvement and 2 had bilateral involvement. The pleural effusion was abundant in 12 cases and compartmentalized in 15 cases. The bacteriological study showed the presence of streptoccocus pneumoniae in 5 cases including 4 of reduced sensitivity to penicillin and staphyloccocus aureus resistant to methicillin in 3 cases. Interventional treatment was indicated in 45% of cases. CONCLUSIONS:Infectious pleural effusion is a serious pathology, the frequency of which is probably increased due to the excessive use of antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs