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Background: Bariatric surgery can trigger postoperative pulmonary complications due to factors inherent to the procedure, mainly due to diaphragmatic dysfunction. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effects of two levels of positive pressure and exercises with inspiratory load on lung function, inspiratory muscle strength and respiratory muscle resistance, and the prevalence of atelectasis after gastroplasty. Methods: Clinical, randomized and blind trial, with subjects submitted to bariatric surgery, allocated to two groups: positive pressure group, who received positive pressure at two levels during one hour and conventional respiratory physiotherapy and inspiratory load group, who performed exercises with load linear inspiratory pressure, six sets of 15 repetitions, in addition to conventional respiratory physiotherapy, both of which were applied twice in the immediate postoperative period and three times a day on the first postoperative day. Spirometry was performed for pulmonary function analysis, nasal inspiratory pressure for inspiratory muscle strength and incremental test of respiratory muscle resistance for sustained maximal inspiratory pressure, both preoperatively and on hospital discharge on the second postoperative day. Results: There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in the expiratory reserve volume and in the tidal volume in the pre and postoperative periods when compared intra and intergroup. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the nasal inspiratory pressure and the maximal inspiratory pressure maintained in the inspiratory load group in the intragroup evaluation, but with a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the positive pressure group. The prevalence of atelectasis was 5% in both groups with no significant difference (p>0.05) between them. Conclusion: Both groups, associated with conventional respiratory physiotherapy, preserved expiratory reserve volume and tidal volume and had a low atelectasis rate. The inspiratory loading group still maintained inspiratory muscle strength and resistance of respiratory muscles.

According to Sebrae, micro and small companies represented 27% of the GDP in 2011 and 98.5% of all private companies in 2015. Despite this importance, in most cases they do not have employees with extensive cost management knowledge and the management practices of large companies are also repeated in them. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the operability of cost management at the micro and small companies that act in the mining and processing of dimension stones sector, searching for emphases on the presence of isomorphism. One hundred and sixty-two (162) companies were investigated in order to operationalize this study.  A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection procedure. Three different approaches were used in the statistical analysis of the collected data: descriptive statistics; the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test, and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The results show the presence of mimetic isomorphism in the cost management practices of the companies researched. The research is limited to the sample, therefore, its findings can not be generalized. Based on this study, it was observed that future research should further develop the characterization of this economic phenomenon and study which resources would be required to improve management cost in micro and small companies in the analyzed segment. This is the first work that found the presence of mimetic isoformism among micro and small companies in the mining sector.

This study presents and discusses a methodology for identifying and characterizing family businesses. Its main research question searched to what extent the family name in the legal corporate name may be taken as a reliable indicator of family business. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with business owners of a sample comprised of 143 firms. A flowchart was also developed to identify some characteristics related to the generation in charge of the company. The results led to helpful tools for the research purposes. In the one hand the results showed that the family name in the legal corporate name is not as reliable indicator of family business as it could be expected. Additional efforts must be done in this sense. On the other hand, among the benefits of this study there is the possibility of identifying the business in one of a range of five strata. Keywords: Family business, identification of family business, characterization of family business. IDENTIFICAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS FAMILIARESResumo: Este estudo apresenta e discute uma metodologia desenvolvida com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar empresas familiares. Sua principal questão consistiu em buscar saber em que medida o nome da família no contrato social da empresa pode ser tomado como indicador confiável de empresa familiar. Os dados foram coletados fazendo uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas com proprietários de uma amostra composta por 143 empresas. Foi também desenvolvido um fluxo para identificação de características relacionadas à geração no comando da empresa. Os resultados indicaram ferramentas úteis para os propósitos da pesquisa. Por um lado, os resultados mostraram que o nome da família no contrato social não é um indicador tão confiável de empresa familiar como suposto. Por outro lado, dentre os benefícios este estudo está a possibilidade de classificação com base em um conjunto de cinco estratos. Palavras-chave: empresa familiar, identificação da empresa familiar, caracterização da empresa familiar.

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