Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, 1910 is a small tree, distributed widely throughout the Cerrado region of Brazil and named "barbatimão" by the Tupi-Guarani tribes, which presents astringent properties. Its ethnopharmacological uses comprise, among others, anti-inflammatory and wound healing action, and it is used in the treatment of diarrhea and gynecological problems. The phytotherapeutic use of 'barbatimão' is largely related to its tannin content, which is abundant in its bark. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic potential of the lyophilized solution of the stem bark of S. adstringens, using the Ames test, the SOS-Inductest and the SOSChromotest. S. adstringens presented cytotoxic activity in all tested systems, did not present mutagenic activity detectable by the Ames test and SOS-Chromotest, and showed some genotoxic effect on the SOS-Inductest. However, the metabolization of the extract by S9 fraction attenuated its genotoxic and cytotoxic activities. Uniterms:Stryphnodendron adstringens/cytotoxicity. Stryphnodendron adstringens/genotoxicity. Barbatimão/phytochemical study.Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, 1910 é uma pequena árvore amplamente distribuída nas regiões de cerrado do Brasil, chamada de "barbatimão" pelas tribos Tupi-Guarani, que apresenta propriedade adstringente. Seu uso etnofarmacológico compreende, entre outros, efeitos antiinflamatório e cicatrizante, sendo empregada no tratamento de diarréias e problemas ginecológicos. Grande parte das aplicações do fitoterápico de barbatimão está relacionada aos taninos, abundantes em sua casca. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os potenciais citotóxico, mutagênico e genotóxico da solução liofilizada da casca de S. adstringens, utilizando Teste de Ames, SOS-Induteste e SOS-Cromoteste. S. adstringens apresentou atividade citotóxica em todos os sistemas testados, não apresentou atividade mutagênica detectável pelo teste de Ames e SOS-Cromoteste e mostrou certo efeito genotóxico no SOS-Induteste. Porém, a metabolização do extrato pela fração S9 atenuou suas atividades genotóxica e citotóxica. Unitermos: Stryphnodendron adstringens/citotoxicidade. Stryphnodendron adstringens/genotoxicidade.Stryphnodendron adstringens/mutagênese. Barbatimão/estudo fitoquímico.
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