Introducción: diferentes enfermedades afectan la tráquea y deterioran la calidad de vida. La ingeniería tisular es una alternativa terapéutica para los pacientes con esas enfermedades: matrices de tráquea descelularizadas y sembradas con células del receptor no generan respuesta inmune y pueden prevenir incluso el rechazo de zootrasplantes.Objetivo: evaluar un método de descelularización para obtener matrices extracelulares de tráquea en el modelo porcino.Materiales y métodos: a partir de 5 tráqueas porcinas se formaron dos grupos de estudio, controles y tratados con un método químico-enzimático. Se hizo análisis histológico con hematoxilina-eosina, coloración tricrómica de Masson y safranina O. Se evaluaron las propiedades biomecánicas de ambos grupos, mediante la determinación del módulo de Young, la fuerza máxima y el porcentaje de deformación.Resultados: en las muestras tratadas se observó una disminución del 66 % del contenido celular en comparación con los controles. Se preservó el colágeno y se detectó reducción de los glucosaminoglucanos. Las pruebas biomecánicas revelaron una diferencia estadís-ticamente significativa del porcentaje de deformación, sin alteración de los demás pará-metros.Conclusiones: el método evaluado demostró ser eficiente para descelularizar tráqueas de cerdo, con una disminución importante en el costo y el tiempo de tratamiento, por lo que podría ser una buena opción en las condiciones socioeconómicas de Colombia. Introduction: Different diseases may affect the trachea and, therefore, the quality of life. Tissue engineering may be a therapeutic alternative for patients with such diseases, using decellularized trachea matrixes seeded with cells from the recipient, which do not generate immune response and may even prevent rejection of zoo-transplants.Objective: To evaluate a decellularization method to obtain tracheal extracellular matrixes in the porcine model. Materials and methods:Two study groups, treated and control, were obtained from 5 porcine tracheas. A chemical-enzymatic method for decellularization was used. Histological analyses were performed with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichromic stain and safranin O. Biomechanical properties of both groups were evaluated by determining the Young modulus, maximum strength and deformation rate.Results: Compared to the controls, there was a 66 % decrease in the cell content in the treated specimens. Collagen was preserved and a reduction of glycosaminoglycans was detected. Biomechanical tests revealed a significant difference in the percentage of deformation, with no alteration of the remaining parameters. Conclusions:The evaluated decellularization method proved to be efficient to reduce the cellular content of porcine tracheas, with a considerable decrease in cost and production time. These advantages could make it a good option for the socio-economic Colombian conditions. KEY WORDSDecellularized Matrix; Recellularized Matrix; Regeneration, Airway; Trachea; Tissue Engineering RESUMOAvaliação do método químico-enzimático de descelu...
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