In this article we propose a model of innovation competence of people, based on the existing literature to integrate and complement the existing models. The main contribution of this work consists in demonstrating the differences and similarities of current models and in providing a conceptual definition for each model element. In this way, both researchers and people in charge of Human Resources in companies can obtain a framework to design measuring instruments to assess the innovation competence, whichcan fulfil the twofold demand requirement of validity and reliability.

The main purpose of this paper is to review the concept of innovation capacity in higher education students, proposing constructs for a measurement model of innovation capacity as a second-order formative model and validation of measurement scales with 332 students from a Spanish university. The proposed model can be considered to meet, in general, the criteria for content validity and the validation tests suitable for the formative model. Thus, the academic community can benefit from a validated measurement instrument that can be used in the future to collect data on dependent and independent variables in causal models. The paper also presents a contribution for teaching professionals interested in measuring the degree of development of innovation competence in their students.Keywords: questionnaire validation, innovation, competence, capacity, skills, assessment, higher education, PLS.¿Cómo medir la competencia en innovación?: aplicación a estudiantes universitariosResumen: Este trabajo presenta una definición de la capacidad de innovación de los estudiantes universitarios. Para ello se propondrá el modelo de medida de las variables latentes, considerando la capacidad de innovación como un modelo de segundo orden formativo. Las escalas se han validado con una muestra de 332 estudiantes universitarios españoles. Podemos considerar que el modelo propuesto cumple, en general, con los criterios de validez de contenido y las pruebas de validación de escalas formativas. Ofrecemos a la comunidad académica un instrumento validado que puede ser usado, en el futuro, para medir variables dependientes o independientes de modelos causales. También representa una contribución para los profesores universitarios interesados en evaluar el grado de desarrollo de la competencia de innovación en sus alumnos.Palabras clave: validación de cuestionario, innovación, competencia, capacidad, habilidades, evaluación, universidad, PLS.

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This work describes the geometry behind the Smith chart, recent 3D Smith chart tool and previously reported conceptual Hyperbolic Smith chart. We present the geometrical properties of the transformations used in creating them by means of inversive geometry and basic non-Euclidean geometry. The beauty and simplicity of this perspective are complementary to the classical way in which the Smith chart is taught in the electrical engineering community by providing a visual insight that can lead to new developments. Further we extend our previous work where we have just drawn the conceptual hyperbolic Smith chart by providing the equations for its generation and introducing additional properties.

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