Learning about the conceptions used by primary school teachers towards the use of robotics in class is essential as the first step towards its application in the classroom. Therefore, with the purpose of describing the understanding applied when teaching and learning mathematics use educational robots, research was conducted by means of mixed methods using a descriptive design by survey. Such research consisted of closed questions (Likert-type scale from 1 to 5) and open questions, given to 83 primary school teachers who currently teach students in the first years of school (First to Fourth grade) in two Chilean districts. The results showed that in general, there is a positive predisposition towards the addition of robots in the learning and teaching of mathematic processes during the first years of school, even though teachers claim there is a struggle to incorporate robots in their lessons due to the high number of students and the reduced space in their classrooms.

Based on the Stochastic Education Approach to Sustainability Education, the statistical and probability tasks for sustainability education in a collection of primary school mathematics textbooks in Chile (6–14 years old) were analyzed. A content analysis was carried out based on four categories: contexts for sustainability, levels of articulation, cognitive demand, and authenticity. The results show that: (1) there is a low presence of contexts for sustainability; (2) the tasks are not articulated to develop any of the Sustainable Development Goals; (3) there is a clear predominance of memorization tasks; (4) the teaching of statistics and probability in textbooks is not aligned with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). These results are the roadmap for a new educational approach that allows the design of statistical and probability tasks to educate for sustainability in Primary Education. This new approach should promote that, through the progressive development of statistical and probabilistic literacy, students understand the different problems (social, economic and environmental) that we are faced with, as well as the measures that must be adopted to transform and act for a more sustainable world.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the reflections of future kindergarten teachers when designing didactic sequences with the use of the bee-bot robot. A qualitative methodological design was followed to achieve this objective, collecting the data through a written record prepared by the participants from collaborative work. A total of 25 future teachers participated, forming six working groups. The data were analyzed with the content analysis technique, considering the criteria of didactic suitability-epistemic, cognitive, interactional, mediational, affective, and ecological-and their respective components. The results suggest that at the moment prior to the design of the didactic sequences, the reflections of the groups of future teachers are related only to some criteria, while, in the design of the proposed teaching and learning process, the units of analysis were related to all six criteria. With the results obtained, it is concluded that a future implementation and observation of the design of didactic sequences by the participants would allow the participants to consider more components of the criteria when reflecting. In addition, it is concluded that training that contemplates the criteria of didactic suitability, would also allow future teachers to deepen their reflections, guiding them with these tools.

Este trabajo es, fundamentalmente, una reflexión teórica. En la primera parte se explica la noción de idoneidad didáctica y, en particular, el criterio de idoneidad epistémica, siendo uno de sus indicadores la "muestra representativa de la complejidad del objeto matemático". En la segunda parte se justifica la presencia de este indicador a partir de una reflexión, realizada desde una perspectiva pragmatista, sobre su relación con la noción de proceso de conexión y de contexto. Se finaliza con una reflexión sobre el uso de dicho descriptor en la formación de profesores de matemáticas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Idoneidad epistémica. Conexión. Contexto. Formación de profesores de matemáticas.

ResumenEl propósito de este estudio fue identificar cuáles son los criterios asumidos por profesores en ejercicio cuando argumentan sobre el desarrollo de la creatividad en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Para ello, se analizó el discurso de 35 profesores estudiantes de másters en Educación Matemática de tres universidades chilenas. Los datos, con enfoque metodológico mixto, se recogieron a partir de un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Las preguntas cerradas se enfocaron en cuatro ámbitos: 1) creatividad matemática y procesos creativos; 2) creatividad en el ámbito profesional; 3) creatividad en las matemáticas; y 4) promoción de la creatividad en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática. Para el análisis de preguntas abiertas, donde los profesores presentaron un ejemplo de actividad matemática creativa y destacaron lo creativo de ella, se consideraron como categorías de análisis los Criterios de Idoneidad Didáctica (CI) propuestos en el Enfoque Ontosemiótico de la Instrucción y Cognición matemática (EOS). Los resultados muestran, entre otros aspectos, que los profesores tienen una visión dual respecto a la creatividad matemática (por una parte, es innata y, por otra parte, puede ser enseñada) y que, cuando argumentan sobre ella, utilizan de manera implícita criterios epistémicos, mediacionales, emocionales y ecológicos. Palabras claveCreatividad matemática − Criterios de idoneidad − Profesores de matemática.