Biochar has been intensively researched worldwide. In Brazil, there is a variety of feedstock production that can be turned into soil amendments of high performance through biochar conversion, especially solid wastes. However, advances in biochar research in Brazil have not been systematically evaluated to indicate possible gaps and suggest future research for eco-friendly applications. Thus, in this work we evaluated biochar properties and effects on air, water, and soil quality based on data gathered from researches performed in Brazil. Biochar has been mainly evaluated as soil conditioner (37%), material characterization (17%), water treatment (12%), and greenhouse gases emissions (9%). Based on the data synthesis of 68 feedstocks used for biochar production, we observed that the pyrolysis temperature profoundly affects biochar properties. Meta-analysis indicated benefits of biochar addition to soils for chemical, physical, microbiological and biochemical attributes that have resulted in increases in root growth (+30%), and plant shoots (+45%). Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock are key choices to design biochar properties aiming to retain dyes, aromatic hydrocarbon, pesticides, and metals in water and wastewater treatment. It was also observed an increase in CO 2 and a decrease in N 2 O emissions after biochar application to soils in short-term experiments. Although there is a growing interest in the development of electrochemical sensors and biochar-based fertilizers, technological applications of biochar are still incipient in Brazil. Future research should prioritize long-term and mechanistically evaluations of biochar under field conditions and the development of eco-friendly technological applications.
A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), necessitam, primeiramente do diagnóstico da situação atual, analisando quali e quantitativamente a geração e as falhas no sistema adotado. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar a situação do município de Nova Esperança – PR o presente estudo realizou uma análise quantitativa, estimando a geração per capita, com dados do total coletado pela municipalidade. Outra análise mais aprofundada foi realizada no Conjunto Residencial Júlio Zacharias, por meio da aplicação de um questionário, visando identificar o nível de instrução dos moradores em questões relacionadas aos resíduos sólidos, e, para fins de caracterização, foi realizada uma análise gravimétrica dos resíduos passíveis de reciclagem gerados no bairro. Por meio da análise quantitativa, verificou-se a geração per capita de resíduos do município de Nova Esperança-PR sendo de aproximadamente 0,617 kg/hab.dia. Em relação ao questionário aplicado, a grande maioria dos entrevistados afirmou realizar a segregação dos resíduos entre seco e úmido, no entanto, há uma parcela dos residentes que afirmaram destinar certos tipos de resíduos considerados rejeitos, juntamente com os recicláveis. Enquanto a análise gravimétrica dos resíduos encaminhados a cooperativa, constatou que o material predominante é papel/papelão com 31,87 %, em seguida o plástico com 29,9 %, destacando que ainda 12,74 % são rejeitos, devido à falta de instrução a população.
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