World has a new mania of ENGLISH learning. English as a language of learning or scholarly production and advanced studies, as well as the language of business and diplomacy has increased throughout the world but in China, its increasing trend as the language of instruction and learning in the last quarter century has received much more importance. Moreover, major developments and modifications in English language teaching have been made in last three decades. As we know, that China stood as political, social, most importantly economic and powerful socialist state throughout the world, due to the reason, Chinese leadership felt the need of the hour to have a grip on western languages especially English to compete with the contemporary super power countries. This review paper discusses a historical overview of Development and prospects of English, as language of Instruction and Learning, in Chinese Educational System and touches the present issues and trends. It originates that Chinese academia and students are giving much importance towards the communicative proficiency in their daily life. This scientific paper also dig out a logical finding that how Chinese educational System is evolving itself to meet up with the outer world and to open ways for their learners to utilize the opportunities in first world for the purpose of gaining English language proficiency. Contribution/ Originality: The primary contribution of this review study is how historically English language developed in China and it made huge place in the traditional society of China. It plugs towards the prospects of English language as an instructional language in Chinese Educational system and society. 1. HISTORY AND PRELUDE OF ENGLISH In the last few decades, the English language has gained significance and reputation swiftly in the People"s Republic of China (PRC) (Krikpatrick, 2016) and Chinese nation accepted English language to become a part of the modern in world (Cortazzi and Jin, 1996). English is vital to endorse global interchange, assimilate technical

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Aim: To document and analyze digital start-ups operating in the field of agriculture and suggesting some strategies to improve public extension system.Study Design: Descriptive was employed for the study.Duration of the Study: Study was carried out between last quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2019.Methodology: Desk study method was adopted to document the start-ups and focus group discussion was carried out with the experts in the field of agriculture extension.Results: Fifty two digital start-ups were operating in the agriculture sector and these start-ups were placed into different components across agriculture value chain.Conclusion: Government agencies are rich sources of data and on the other side start-ups lack data and are fully equipped to serve farmers. So, collaboration between the two could be a game changer in revolutionizing the agriculture extension system.

The paper discusses about the importance of Soil Health Card (SHC) based nutrient management based on a study carried out during 2017-18 on 100 SHC beneficiary farmers and 50 SHC non-beneficiary farmers of Madhya Pradesh. Significant differences between the beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers of soil health card in the nutrient use pattern in soybean and rice-based cropping systems were found. Majority of the SHC beneficiaries failed to adopt the fertilizer nutrients as per recommendation. Major reasons identified behind this negative trend were difficulty in understanding the SHC information without the help of an agricultural/ extension officer and lack of knowledge about the importance of SHC &benefits associated with adopting soil test based nutrient management. Further, the positive correlation of micro and secondary nutrients application with the yield and income from the adopters’ farm fields reaffirms the key role scientific nutrient management plays in improving agriculture based rural economies. More efforts from the promoting agencies required to convince farmers to adopt SHC based nutrient recommendation.