The efficacy of convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Although most randomized controlled trials have shown negative results, uncontrolled studies have suggested that the antibody content could influence patient outcomes. We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial of convalescent plasma for adults with COVID-19 receiving oxygen within 12 d of respiratory symptom onset (NCT04348656). Patients were allocated 2:1 to 500 ml of convalescent plasma or standard of care. The composite primary outcome was intubation or death by 30 d. Exploratory analyses of the effect of convalescent plasma antibodies on the primary outcome was assessed by logistic regression. The trial was terminated at 78% of planned enrollment after meeting stopping criteria for futility. In total, 940 patients were randomized, and 921 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Intubation or death occurred in 199/614 (32.4%) patients in the convalescent plasma arm and 86/307 (28.0%) patients in the standard of care arm—relative risk (RR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–1.43, P = 0.18). Patients in the convalescent plasma arm had more serious adverse events (33.4% versus 26.4%; RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.57, P = 0.034). The antibody content significantly modulated the therapeutic effect of convalescent plasma. In multivariate analysis, each standardized log increase in neutralization or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity independently reduced the potential harmful effect of plasma (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.95 and OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.87, respectively), whereas IgG against the full transmembrane spike protein increased it (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.05). Convalescent plasma did not reduce the risk of intubation or death at 30 d in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Transfusion of convalescent plasma with unfavorable antibody profiles could be associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to standard care.
ObjectivesFor revealing the peculiarities of the drug–drug interaction of rivaroxaban (substrate CYP3A4 and P-gp) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (verapamil – inhibitor CYP3A4 and P-gp and amlodipine – substrate CYP3A4) in patients 80 years and older with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NAF) we studied 128 patients.MethodsAll patients were divided into groups depending on the therapy taken: the 1st – rivaroxaban + amlodipine (n=51), the 2nd – rivaroxaban + verapamil (n=30), the control group – rivaroxaban without CCBs (n=47). A trough steady-state plasma concentration (Cmin,ss) of rivaroxaban, prothrombin time (PT) in the blood plasma and the event of clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding were assessed for each patient.ResultsPatient in group 2 had higher Cmin,ss of rivaroxaban, PT and CRNM than subjects in the control group (Me 73.8 [50.6–108.8] ng/mL vs. 40.5 [25.6–74.3] ng/mL; Me 14.8 [13.4–17.3] s vs. 13.8 [12.6–14.4] s; 34% vs. 13%, respectively, p<0.05 for all). When compared, the PT and complication rate in group 1 with the control group Cmin,ss of rivaroxaban were practically the same (p>0.05 for all).ConclusionsIn patients ≥80 years with NAF, the use of rivaroxaban in combination with verapamil may not be safe and can lead to CRNM bleeding.
Objectives For revealing the peculiarities of the drug–drug interaction of rivaroxaban (substrate CYP3A4 and P-gp) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (verapamil – inhibitor CYP3A4 and P-gp and amlodipine – substrate CYP3A4) in patients 80 years and older with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NAF) we studied 128 patients. Methods All patients were divided into groups depending on the therapy taken: the 1st – rivaroxaban + amlodipine (n=51), the 2nd – rivaroxaban + verapamil (n=30), the control group – rivaroxaban without CCBs (n=47). A trough steady-state plasma concentration (C min,ss) of rivaroxaban, prothrombin time (PT) in the blood plasma and the event of clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding were assessed for each patient. Results Patient in group 2 had higher C min,ss of rivaroxaban, PT and CRNM than subjects in the control group (Me 73.8 [50.6–108.8] ng/mL vs. 40.5 [25.6–74.3] ng/mL; Me 14.8 [13.4–17.3] s vs. 13.8 [12.6–14.4] s; 34% vs. 13%, respectively, p<0.05 for all). When compared, the PT and complication rate in group 1 with the control group C min,ss of rivaroxaban were practically the same (p>0.05 for all). Conclusions In patients ≥80 years with NAF, the use of rivaroxaban in combination with verapamil may not be safe and can lead to CRNM bleeding.
Многие классы лекарственных средств (ЛС), такие как антипсихотики, антиконвульсанты, антихолинергические препараты, а также другие, часто назначаемые ЛС, могут вызывать когнитивные нарушения (КН). Отрицательное влияние ЛС на когнитивные функции осуществляется благодаря следующим патофизиологическим механизмам: сокращение нейрональной возбудимости, усиление активности гамма-аминомасляной кислоты, уменьшение ферментной активности, количества рецепторов, церебральной перфузии, атрофические явления головного мозга, при этом ряд механизмов до конца не изучен. Важную роль в развитии лекарственно-индуцированных КН играют предрасполагающие (пожилой или детский возраст, повреждение головного мозга, хронические заболевания, функциональные нарушения, генетические причины, наличие у пациента исходного когнитивного снижения, полипрагмазия), а также провоцирующие (острые заболевания, инфекции, метаболические нарушения, дегидратация, острая задержка мочеиспускания, недоедание, влияние окружающей среды и др.) факторы. Безусловное значение имеют доза и длительность приема ЛС. Необходима дифференциальная диагностика КН, вызванных приемом ЛС, и КН, непосредственно связанных с заболеваниями, по поводу которых эти препараты назначены. Подозревать лекарственно-индуцированные КН следует в том случае, если установлена связь между снижением когнитивных функций и началом приема препарата. Лечение таких КН предполагает прежде всего отмену или снижение дозы ЛС и использование (при наличии) лекарственных форм с замедленным высвобождением. Для коррекции возникших КН в ряде случаев могут потребоваться когнитивный тренинг и/или специальная медикаментозная терапия. К мерам профилактики лекарственно-индуцированных КН относятся: выбор препаратов с наименьшим риском их развития, применение современных шкал для оценки вероятности возникновения данного побочного эффекта, в частности шкалы антихолинергической нагрузки. Ключевые слова: когнитивные нарушения; лекарственно-индуцированные когнитивные нарушения; нежелательные лекарственные реакции.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.