Oil spills are natural disasters that affect marine life, devastate ecosystems and different social series. They have a high risk of not only damaging the environment and human health, but also damaging the image of companies linked to these events. Thus, this article seeks to compile the main events in Brazil and the rest of the world to categorize their causes, impacts and social implications. And through a critical analysis to understand how such accidents could be avoided or better solved, bringing the most effective cleaning methods today. For this reason, it was clear that in many cases of spills, the actual damage generated is omitted to avoid public retaliation, but this only reinforces the need to disseminate the importance of environmental surveillance in the oil sector and to foster new technologies that seek alternative methods. decontamination of water bodies. In addition to making this subject increasingly present in society's daily lives, so that better working conditions and environmental care can be demanded.

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Motivated to develop faster and faster contemporary society has been using more and more fossil and energy resources that can, unfortunately, cause environmental accidents. Petroleum is responsible for providing different products derived as lubricating oil widely used in different production chains and object of study of the work in question. Many environmental problems faced by the Oil and Gas Industry are associated with leaks, accidents and irregular discharges. Thus an alternative for cleaning and adsorption of oil spilled in the sea is presented the validity in this article: the rice husk, being the main objective of this article to prove its effectiveness with lubricant oil adsorbent. It was used as a low cost alternative adsorbent. Performing physical order treatments such as heating and using acid and base that could increase their efficiency. Some COD and Fitoxicity tests of the generated effluent were performed and analyzed during the work, generating excellent results related to the adsorption of lubricating oils, showing a total adsorption of 6.15 g / g when treated in basic medium and 4.7 g / g in acid medium.