L atin-American countries have low-and middle-income economies and strive to reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases. A major limitation of these countries is the scarcity of data necessary to develop appropriate health policies. According to United Nations, Latin-American countries need to improve data collection systems required for Background and Purpose-Epidemiological data about stroke are scarce in low-and middle-income Latin-American countries. We investigated annual incidence of first-ever stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 30-day casefatality rates in a population-based setting in Tandil, Argentina. Methods-We prospectively identified all first-ever stroke and TIA cases from overlapping sources between January 5, 2013, and April 30, 2015, in Tandil, Argentina. We calculated crude and standardized incidence rates. We estimated 30-day case-fatality rates. Results-We identified 334 first-ever strokes and 108 TIAs. Age-standardized incidence rate per 100 000 for Segi's World population was 76.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.8-85.9) for first-ever stroke and 25.1 (95% CI, 20.2-30.7) for first-ever TIA, 56.1 (95% CI, 48.8-64.2) for ischemic stroke, 13.5 (95% CI, 9.9-17.9) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 4.9 (95% CI, 2.7-8.1) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke incidence was slightly higher for men (87.8; 95% CI, 74.6-102.6) than for women (73.2; 95% CI, 61.7-86.1) when standardized for the Argentinean population. Thirty-day case-fatality rate was 14.7% (95% CI, 10.8-19.5) for ischemic stroke, 24.1% (95% CI, 14.2-36.6) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1.9% (95% CI, 0.4-5.8) for TIA. Conclusions-This study provides the first prospective population-based stroke and TIA incidence and case-fatality estimate in Argentina. First-ever stroke incidence was lower than that reported in previous Latin-American studies, but first-ever TIA incidence was higher. Thirty-day case-fatality rates were similar to those of other population-based PrEViSTA, the Program for the Epidemiological Evaluation of Stroke In Tandil, Argentina, is a prospective populationbased study of first-ever stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) incidence; distribution of risk factors; and 30-day, 6-month, and 12-month case-fatality rates and recurrence. 8 In this analysis, we report first-ever stroke and TIA incidence and 30-day case-fatality rates. MethodsUsing several overlapping strategies, we enrolled all first-ever ischemic strokes (IS), intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhages, strokes of undetermined cause, and TIAs in Tandil, between January 5, 2013, and April 30, 2015 ( Figure I in the online-only Data Supplement). We standardized first-ever stroke (IS+ICH+subarachnoid hemorrhage+stroke of undetermined cause) and TIA incidence rates to Argentinean, Segi's European, European 2013, Segi's World, and WHO World populations by the direct method. We calculated casefatality rates and performed Kaplan-Meier analyses to estimate survival curves. We used the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) to compare surviv...

The availability of population-based epidemiological data on the incident risk of stroke is very scarce in Argentina and other Latin American countries. In response to the priorities established by the World Health Organization and the United Nations, PREVISTA was envisaged as a population-based program to determine the risk of first-ever and recurrent stroke and transient ischemic attack incidence and mortality in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The study will be conducted according to Standardized Tools for Stroke Surveillance (STEPS Stroke) methodology and will enroll all new (incident) and recurrent consecutive cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack in the City of Tandil between May 1st, 2013 and April 30, 2015. The study will include patients with ischemic stroke, non-traumatic primary intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. To ensure the inclusion of every cerebrovascular event during an observation period of two years, we will instrument an 'intensive screening program', consisting of a comprehensive daily tracking of every potential event of stroke or transient ischemic attack using multiple overlapping sources. Mortality would be determined during follow-up for every enrolled patient. Also, fatal community events would be screened daily through revision of death certificates at funeral homes and local offices of vital statistics. All causes of death will be adjudicated by an ad-hoc committee. The close population of Tandil is representative of a large proportion of Latin-American countries with low- and middle-income economies. The findings and conclusions of PREVISTA may provide data that could support future health policy decision-making in the region.

Infantile pulmonary/mediastinal tuberculosis may mimic congenital thoracic malformations. A review of contact history, investigations and imaging help to establish the tuberculous etiology, avoids surgical misadventures and prompts early antituberculous therapy to achieve a favorable outcome.