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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is highly appreciated by consumers for its unique sensory characteristics that are directly related to its volatile composition. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cultivar and geographical origin on the volatile composition of Greek monovarietal EVOOs. Samples of three local cultivars (Koroneiki, Kolovi and Adramytini) originating from three areas of Greece (Crete, Lesvos and the Peloponnese), spanning two consecutive harvesting periods, were selected. Their volatile components were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. More than 70 volatile compounds were identified. Alcohols were the dominant class (43–50%), followed by ketones (12–24%), esters (12–18%) and aldehydes (4–12%). The most prominent volatile compounds were (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (6–11%), 1-penten-3-ol (7–11%), (E)-3-hexenyl acetate (0.5–11%) and 3-pentanone (8–16%). Significant differences were observed and highlighted. Clear separations between samples from different cultivars and geographic provenances were achieved using multivariate analysis and the most discriminating volatiles were identified. Additionally, using multivariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a combination of five chemical markers was found superior (area under the curve, AUC: 1.00; predictive accuracy: 100%) for the correct classification of Koroneiki EVOOs according to geographical origin.

The investigation uses Popitz’s power theory (1992) to examine relationships among social power position, attractiveness, and verbal aggressiveness comparing social networks of high school and university students. 117 high school PE students and 195 university PE students participated in the research completing both a network and a joint non-network questionnaire. Visone 1.1 software was used for the processing of the network data and SPSS 26 was implemented for the non-network data. The results revealed in both settings that students demonstrating scientific/task attractiveness develop authoritative power/power of internalized control in their network and are protected from verbal aggressiveness and enforcement of instrumental power/power of externalized control. Social attractiveness enhances the development of authoritative power/power of internalized control in high school only. In this research, a type of powerful student is suggested who does not tend to concentrate power but rather to share power for empowering the powerless ones.

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The aim of this study is to detect and analyze the relationship between verbal aggressiveness and interpersonal attractiveness using four secondary-school PE classes in central Greece (88 nodes). Content analysis of open-ended questions, social network analysis, Spearman test and PCA have been implemented. Main results: scientific and social attractiveness are interrelated with a subsequent emergence of power structures and negatively related to verbal aggressiveness. Targets of verbal aggressiveness receive aggressiveness consisting of hurt, irony, rudeness and threat. The general grade and students’ tendency for distinction are positively related to attractiveness and negatively related to verbal aggressiveness. Types of targets of interpersonal attractiveness are proposed (“the untargeted powerful” and “the targeted powerful”).