Resumo: Este texto analisa a emigração clandestina com origem no sotavento do Algarve, no Estado Novo, para esclarecer: que relação existia entre este fluxo migratório ilegal e outros sistemas emigratórios coetâneos? Quem eram os emigrantes ilegais que dinamizavam este sistema? Que circunstâncias e motivos justificavam a opção destes emigrantes? Foram analisados os dados obtidos num corpus documental constituído por 43 processos-crime instruídos nas comarcas de Faro, Olhão, Tavira e Vila Real de Santo António, por factos relacionados com a emigração ilegal, nos quais foram acusadas 178 pessoas. No Estado Novo foi crescente o controlo e repressão da emigração clandestina pela polícia de fronteiras, mas isso não impediu os emigrantes ilegais de procurarem trabalho e melhores condições de vida, dinamizando o sistema migratório luso-hispano-marroquino que persistiu a par do sistema transatlântico. Os constrangimentos colocados pelo novo Reino de Marrocos e a emergência do sistema migratório europeu contribuiriam para transmutar o «marroquino» em o «francês».Palavras-chave: Emigração clandestina; sistema emigratório; Estado Novo; Sotavento do Algarve. ILLEGAL EMIGRATION DURING THE ESTADO NOVO/NEW STATE The illegal migratory flow from the leeward of Algarve to MoroccoAbstract: This text analyses illegal emigration originating in Algarve, during the Estado Novo (New State), in order to clarify: what relationship existed between this illegal migratory flow and other contemporary emigratory systems? Who were the illegal emigrants activating this system? What circumstances and motives explained these emigrants' option? Analysis was made of data obtained in a documental corpus of 43 court cases dealt with at the courts of east south Portugal, for facts related to illegal emigration, in which 178 people were accused. In Estado Novo, there was an increased control of illegal emigration by the border police of the corporatist regime, but the illegal emigrants filled the shortage of labour principally in Morocco and integrated the Portuguese-SpanishMoroccan migratory system, which persisted alongside the transatlantic system. The restrictions introduced by the new Kingdom of Morocco and the emergence of the European migratory system contributed to transform the «Moroccan» in the «Frenchman».
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