RESUMOEm experimento desenvolvido em casa de vegetação e em câmara de crescimento avaliou-se o efeito do alumínio (Al) na fotossíntese de seis cultivares de cafeeiro. As plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva aerada continuamente, contendo duas concentrações de Al, 0 e 0,148 mmol L -1 , fornecidas como Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . Após 97 dias mediram-se as taxas de assimilação de CO 2 (A) e transpiração (E), a condutância estomática (gs), a concentração interna de CO 2 (Ci), eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (Φc) e variáveis de fluorescência da clorofila. Em todas as cultivares, a presença de Al causou quedas significantes em A, gs, Φc, ocorrendo aumento em Ci. Também se observou aumento significativo na fluorescência basal (Fo) e queda na eficiência quântica máxima do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm), sugerindo injúrias na estrutura dos tilacóides causadas pelo Al. Na curva de indução de fotossíntese, observou-se que o Al causou queda no coeficiente de extinção fotoquímica da fluorescência e aumento no coeficiente de extinção não fotoquímico. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que a queda de A foi devida à queda da condutância estomática, nas atividades bioquímicas e fotoquímicas. Palavras-chaves:Coffea arabica, toxidez de alumínio, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, indução da fotossíntese. ABSTRACT GAS EXCHANGE AND CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN SIX COFFEE CULTIVARS UNDER ALUMINUM STRESSExperiments were carried out under greenhouse and growth chamber to evaluate the effects of aluminum (Al) on several photosynthetic characteristics in six coffee cultivars. Plants were grown in nutrient solution aerated continuously, containing two Al concentration, 0 and 0.148 mmol L -1 , supplied as Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . After 97 days of treatament, measurements of CO 2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO 2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (Φc) and chlorophyll fluorescence related characteristics were performed. All six cultivars showed decrease in A, gs and Φc and increase in Ci. The basal chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fo) increased and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased suggesting structural damage in thylakoid. The photosynthetic induction curve revealed that Al caused decreases in photochemical quenching of fluorescence as well as increases of non-photochemical quenching. Our results indicated that A reduction was related to decreases in both stomatal conductance, and biochemical and photochemical damages. Key-words:Coffea arabica, aluminum toxicity, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis induction.( 1 ) Recebido para publicação em 5
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