Background Modifications in social habits together with the increase of emigration have contributed not only to increased dermatophytoses but also to an altered etiology. During the last few years, Braga has suffered a radical change from a rural to a cosmopolitan life-style.Methods A statistical study of dermatophytoses and the etiology of their causative agents was performed by a retrospective survey carried out among patients of Hospital de São Marcos, Braga, Portugal, from 1983-2002. In this study, a total of 10 003 patients were analyzed.Results Over this period the frequency of dermatophytoses, as defined by the recovery of a dermatophyte in culture, was found to be 23.6%, whereas nondermatophytic infections accounted for 7.0%. Analysis of the clinical forms and the isolated fungi supports that the dermatophyte species have a predilection for certain body areas ( P ≤ 0.01). Age is a very important factor regarding the occurrence of dermatophytoses ( P ≤ 0.0001), with a correlation between increasing age and infection, positive for Trichophyton rubrum and negative for Microsporum canis . Overall the gender of the patients is not an association factor for the development of dermatophytoses; however, significant differences were detected in the distribution of some etiologic agents ( P ≤ 0.05). ConclusionsThe results showed the main etiologic agent of dermatophytoses to be Trichophyton rubrum (37.4%). Moreover, dermatophytoses are both decreasing and showing a new profile in Braga, and a pronounced decrease of Trichophyton megninii was observed throughout the study.
Objectivos: Avaliar a prevalência das micoses superficiais, agentes etiológicos envolvidos e características epidemiológicas da população da consulta de Dermatologia do Hospital de Braga, observada por dermatofitia, nos últimos 11 anos; analisar a distribuição de espécies em relação ao grupo etário e área cutânea envolvida; comparar os resultados com estudos anteriores referentes à mesma área geográfica.Material e Métodos: Exame micológico directo e cultura de 5825 amostras colhidas em doentes observados na consulta do Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital de Braga, entre Janeiro de 1999 e Dezembro de 2009, com suspeita clínica de dermatofitia.Resultados: Durante o período em estudo, das 5825 colheitas realizadas em doentes com suspeita clínica de infecção fúngica, foi identificada a presença de dermatófito em 1143 (19,6%). A apresentação clínica da infecção por dermatófito mais frequente foi a tinea corporis (44,8%). Globalmente, o agente etiológico mais frequentemente isolado foi o Trichophyton rubrum (43%), tendo sido também o principal agente na tinea cruris (73,5%), tinea ungueum (74,8%), tinea pedis (72,7%) e tinea manuun (57,7%). O T. mentagrophytes var. granulare foi o segundo agente mais frequentemente isolado, e a principal causa de tinea corporis (38%) e tinea barbae (76,9%). O Mycrosporum canis foi o agente mais frequente na tinea capitis (67,1%).Discussão: As infecções por dermatófitos são frequentemente observadas na prática clínica. Vários trabalhos têm constatado diferenças etiológicas em diferentes regiões e ao longo dos anos, provavelmente relacionadas com hábitos de vida distintos. Os nossos resultados são globalmente concordantes com os resultados relatados noutros trabalhos efectuados em Portugal.
Characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric and low stratospheric temperatures of Argentina during the period 1965-1982 are investigated.Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were used to obtain the main characteristics of the vertical profile of temperature in three climatic regions, and time series of the temporal coefficients are analysed as indicators of temporal variations. The results indicate that there was an almost homogeneous upward trend in summer of the tropospheric temperatures (downward for stratospheric temperatures) in tropical and mid-latitude regions.
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