Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Verschiedene Diversitätsmerkmale, wie beispielsweise eine Behinderung, das Geschlecht, das Alter oder ein Migrationshintergrund, gehen mit unterschiedlichen Versorgungserwartungen und -bedürfnissen einher. Werden diese in der Gesundheitsversorgung, einschließlich der Rehabilitation, nicht berücksichtigt, kann das die Versorgungszufriedenheit und den Behandlungserfolg negativ beeinflussen. Diversitätssensibilität kann die Nutzerorientierung in der Versorgung erhöhen und somit helfen, den vielfältigen Versorgungsbedürfnissen und -erwartungen Rechnung zu tragen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es zu untersuchen, welche Maßnahmen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Deutschland nutzen, um eine diversitätssensible Versorgung anzubieten und welche möglichen Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung entsprechender Maßnahmen wahrgenommen werden. Methodik Zwischen Mai und August 2019 wurden Verwaltungsleitungen aller stationären Rehabilitationseinrichtungen zur Teilnahme an einer bundesweiten postalischen Fragebogenerhebung eingeladen (n=1233). Der Fragebogen umfasste Fragen zum Umgang mit den Diversitätsmerkmalen von Mitarbeitenden und Rehabilitand*innen. Es lagen Antworten von insgesamt 223 stationären Rehabilitationseinrichtungen vor (Rücklaufquote: 18,9%). Die Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Die Einrichtungsbefragung zeigt auf, dass Diversitätssensibilität für viele Rehabilitationseinrichtungen ein relevantes Thema ist. Diversitätssensibilität sei besonders von Bedeutung für die Zufriedenheit der Versorgungsnutzer*innen, die Zufriedenheit der Mitarbeitenden und den Behandlungserfolg von Rehabilitand*innen. Hindernisse bei der Umsetzung einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung seien fehlende Anreize der Versorgungsträger, fehlende finanzielle Ressourcen und organisatorische Schwierigkeiten. Diskussion Die Mehrheit der befragten Verwaltungsleitungen erkennt die Relevanz einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung an, Instrumente zur Umsetzung dieser kommen allerdings nur selten und unsystematisch zum Einsatz. Zur Förderung von Diversitätssensibilität benötigen Gesundheitseinrichtungen Unterstützung bei der Kompetenzbildung und bei der Auswahl und Implementierung geeigneter Maßnahmen. Eine Handreichung mit praxisnahen Anleitungen zur Umsetzung einer diversitätssensiblen Versorgung kann hierfür eine Grundlage bieten.
The aim of the present study was to develop a pictorial questionnaire for the assessment of health-related quality of life (PictoQOL) and to examine its content validity and usability across three exemplary population groups of different origin residing in Germany (non-migrants, Turkish migrants and Arabic-speaking migrants). A mixed-methods design combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used, comprising 6 focus group discussions with a total of 17 participants, 37 cognitive interviews and a quantitative pretest with 15 individuals. The PictoQOL consists of a pictorial representation of a total of 15 different situations. Using a visual Likert scale, respondents indicate how much each situation applies to them. Some representations proved to be culturally sensitive and were adapted. Respondents found the use of an additional graphic layer in the form of symbols in addition to pictures helpful for interpretation. The PictoQOL is considered to allow a more accessible assessment and better comparability of HRQOL across different population groups regardless of their literacy level. It is therefore considered to be superior to existing instruments for routine use in health research and practice. Future studies need to examine its convergent and factorial validity.
Background Populations have varying needs and expectations concerning health care that result from diversity characteristics such as a migrant background, gender identity, disability, and age. These needs and expectations must be considered to ensure adequate utilization and quality of health services. Approaches to address diversity do exist, however, little is known about the extent to which they are implemented by health care facilities. The present study aims to examine, which measures and structures hospitals in Germany employ to address diversity, as well as which barriers they encounter in doing so. Methods A mixed-mode survey among administration managers of all registered German hospitals (excluding rehabilitation hospitals; n = 1125) was conducted between May and October 2019 using pen-and-paper and online questionnaires. Results were analyzed descriptively. Results Data from n = 112 hospitals were available. While 57.1% of hospitals addressed diversity in their mission statement and 59.9% included diversity considerations in quality management, dedicated working groups and diversity commissioners were less prevalent (15.2% each). The majority of hospitals offered multi-lingual admission and exit interviews (59.8%), treatments or therapies (57.1%), but only few had multi-lingual meal plans (12.5%) and seminars or presentations (11.6%). While 41.1% of the hospitals offered treatment and/or nursing exclusively by staff of the same sex, only 17.0% offered group therapies for both sexes separately. According to the managers, the main barriers were a lack of financial resources (54.5%), a lack of incentives from the funding providers (49.1%), and organizational difficulties (45.5%). Other reported barriers were a lack of conviction of the necessity among decision makers (28.6%) and a lack of motivation among staff members (19.6%). Conclusions Administration managers from only a small proportion of hospitals participated in our survey on diversity sensitivity. Even hospitals of those who did are currently not adequately addressing the diversity of staff members and patients. Most hospitals address diversity on an ideational level, practical measures are not widely implemented. Existing measures suggest that most hospitals have no overarching concept to address diversity in a broader sense. The main reported barriers relate to economic aspects, a lack of support in organizing and implementing corresponding measures and a lack of awareness or motivation.
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