Quantitative data on the ecology of the main plant communities along an altitudinal gradient in northeastern Mexico were obtained with the aim of identifying the most important environmental variables that affect plant distribution and composition. The main threats to these communities were also investigated. Importance value index (IVi) of the 39 most important species and 16 environmental variables were recorded at 35 altitudinal gradients each spaced at intervals of at least 100-m altitude. Classification and ordination of vegetation showed six well-differentiated but overlapping plant communities: alpine meadow, cold conifer forest, mesic mixed forest, xeric scrub, Tamaulipan piedmont scrub, and halophytic grassland. Altitude, minimum and average temperatures, and organic matter content are the main variables affecting the plant distribution in northeastern Mexico. Urban growth, mechanized agriculture, and changes in land use are the main threats in the short and medium term to plant communities in this area. Climate change also seems to be having an impact at present or in the near future as shown by the presence of exotic shrubs from warmer areas in mesic and temperate areas inhabited by oak and oak-pine forest.
Las montañas son ecosistemas que albergan gran biodiversidad y representan una fuente importante de servicios ambientales para la sociedad. En el presente estudio se determinó la representatividad en áreas naturales protegidas, y su grado de cobertura de vegetación, así como los usos del suelo para las montañas clase 5 (clasificación de Kapos) dentro de las ecorregiones nivel IV de México, para lo cual se aplicó la metodología análisis de vacíos y omisiones de conservación (Gap). En 45 ecorregiones se registraron 20 109 804 ha montañosas, que comprenden las siete categorías del nivel I (Semiáridas). En las ecorregiones Sierras Templadas 30 % de su superficie son montañas, que equivalen a 2.1% del territorio de las Grandes Planicies; mientras que a las áreas naturales protegidas les corresponde 14.4%; en cambio, en el mundo el porcentaje es de 32%. La vegetación natural de las montañas contribuye con 1.9% al total del país, con 1.5% de la vegetación primaria, y para las zonas con usos antrópicos con 2.9%, muy por debajo del 13.3% registrado a nivel mundial. Las ecorregiones de la Sierra Madre del Sur tienen la segunda mayor cobertura nacional de montañas con 20.5%, después de las existentes en la Sierra Madre Occidental (25.3%). Situación alarmante, dada la elevada tasa de deforestación existente en el sureste, donde solo 21.4% de su territorio tiene vegetación primaria, respecto al 49.3% registrado en el país. Es necesario emprender acciones para proteger los ecosistemas de montaña en México, principalmente, en la región sureste.
It’s recorded for the first time Philander opossum in the state of Nuevo Leon, two individuals were observed, both in the municipality of Linares; the first was hunted by a housecat and the second captured in Tomahawk trap.Palabras clave: Linares, Nuevo Leon, Gray four-eyed opossums, Philander opossum.
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