No abstract

Most research states that implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) has positive impacts. However, fewer studies have discussed ESG implementation in higher education. This study aimed to develop instruments to assess the ESG atmosphere in higher education institutions. A modified Delphi approach was employed. Experts were invited from a private higher education institution in Indonesia. A deductive study, discussion, and two stages of getting consensus from panelists were conducted. The instrument was distinguished into four types for four groups of higher education stakeholders: Students, Staff, Faculty Members, and Community Members. The I-CVIs ranged from 0.80–1.00, while the minimum values of S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA were 0.98 and 0.91, respectively, meaning the content validity was excellent. The final version instrument has been tested and declared valid, reliable, and ready to be used for empirical research for universities to assess their contribution to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). There are also opportunities to conduct further research on the existence of recursive and non-recursive models between factors.

Rapid proliferation of the usage of internet-based modern television (IPTV and OTT) in Indonesia as well as limited and similar resources threatens the existence of old/traditional video platforms (satellite television and cable television). Adapted from ecological studies, niche theory is used to measure the level of dynamic competition among media. Through three concepts of measurement of niche theory, niche breadth, nice overlap, and competitive superiority, the competition relationship between these four video platforms can be analyzed. The questionnaire was spread out online and offline to 502 respondents of each platform. Focus group discussions were conducted in two groups with 6 respondents each group. The results of this study were also analyzed based on the media life cycle. The conclusions of this study are: 1) OTT is a generalist platform, IPTV and cable television tend to be generalist, and satellite television is classified as a specialist; 2) The highest competition occurs between cable television and IPTV; 3) OTT is the most competitive platform whereas satellite television is the least competitive; 4) Satellite television is in defensive resistance life cycle, cable television in defensive resistance and adaptation cycles, IPTV in growth cycle, and OTT in maturation cycle.