Prevenção da dor na punção venosa em crianças: estudo comparativo entre anestésicos tópicos Prevención del dolor en la punción venosa en niños: estudio comparativo entre anestésicos tópicos Abstract Background: The ideal topical anesthetic to prevent venipuncture pain should have high efficacy, a quick effect, a good safety profile, be easy to apply, low cost, and well accepted. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 5 topical anesthetics in children who require venipuncture. Methodology: A randomized controlled study was conducted involving 350 children (6 -17 years) who were randomly allocated to 5 groups. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (0 to 10 cm). Between-group differences were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test and within-group differences were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: All anesthetics were effective in preventing pain (mean pain intensity ≤1.1) and no between-group differences were found (p > 0.05). Ease of venous access, vein visibility and/or palpability, successful cannulation, and the child's cooperation were good and similar between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The differences between topical anesthetics were only significant in the procedures required for their application and the costs, for which reason the use of ethyl chloride should be reconsidered. ResumoEnquadramento: O anestésico tópico ideal para prevenir a dor por punção deveria possuir alta eficácia, efeito rápido, bom perfil de segurança, fácil aplicação, baixo custo e boa aceitação. Objetivo: Comparar a efetividade de 5 anestésicos tópicos em crianças que necessitam de uma punção venosa. Metodologia: Estudo randomizado controlado envolvendo 350 crianças (6 -17 anos) com alocação randomizada em 5 grupos. A dor foi avaliada através da Escala Visual Analógica (0 a 10 cm). As diferenças entre os grupos foram analisadas pelos testes do Qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis e, nos grupos, pelo teste Wilcoxon. Resultados: Todos os anestésicos revelaram eficácia na prevenção da dor (intensidade média de dor ≤ 1,1) e sem diferenças entre os grupos (p > 0,05). A facilidade de punção, visibilidade e/ou palpação da veia, o sucesso na punção e a cooperação da criança foi boa e semelhante entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Conclusão: As diferenças significativas entre os anestésicos tópicos apenas existiram nos procedimentos requeridos na sua aplicação e custos, pelo que se deve repensar o uso do cloreto de etilo.
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