Introduction: The human skin is home-grown to an abundant colonization of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic or recurrent and pruritic inflammatory skin disease that affects mainly the flexed areas of the skin, affecting the quality of life of the patient. People. In a situation of normal skin without pathology, the bacteria present in greater quantity are Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and the fungi most easily found are Malassezia and Candida. Aim: This review aims to observe the relationship between the skin microbiome and atopic dermatitis as well as to verify the changes that occur at the microbiome level when faced with this pathology and treatment options. Materials and Methods: To carry out this literature review, articles were collected from “Pubmed”, “NCBI” and “Google schoolar” databases, publications dates between 2005 and 2020. Results and discussion: There are several treatment options for this disease, the use of topical corticosteroids, emollients and topical moisturizing therapy remains the therapy of choice. When an exacerbation of bacterial proliferation is observed, the use of antibiotics, namely anti-staphylococcal drugs, is advisable since there is a considerable increase in the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) throughout the course of the disease. Conclusion: According to the bibliography used, it is concluded that during the disease there is an increase in the S. aureus community as well as the loss of bacterial diversity in the skin, and the increase in S. aureus colonization is facilitated by changes that occur in it due to the presence of the pathology.