ABSTRACT.The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of three different anaesthetic protocols on blood and biochemical parameters. Eighteen female Wistar rats (HsdOla:WI) 3 months old, weighting 197.09 ± 7.39 g were used. Baseline blood collection was performed in all animals from the lateral coccygeal vein for evaluation of glucose. The animals were then randomly allocated to receive one of three different anaesthetic protocols: dexmedetomidine/ketamine intramuscularly (0.25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively), or isoflurane 0.2 ml on cotton inside a syringe case, or isoflurane administered by vaporiser (5% induction and 2-3% maintenance of anaesthesia, delivered in oxygen flow 1 L/min). Blood samples were collected from caudal vena cava for complete blood count and biochemical analysis, while the lung and the liver were harvested for histological evaluation. Comparison between groups, as far as complete blood count parameters is concerned, revealed statistical significant differences in red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin values with lower values being observed in vaporiser anaesthesia group. Furthermore, within group comparison revealed statistical significant differences for glucose in all three groups. No evidence of inflammatory, degenerative neoplastic or toxicity related lesions were observed during histological evaluation of the lung and liver.Keywords: Anaesthesia; Rats; Blood parameters ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ. Ο στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να προσδιοριστεί η επίδραση τριών διαφορετικών πρωτοκόλλων αναισθησίας στις αιματολογικές και βιοχημικές παραμέτρους. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεκαοχτώ θηλυκοί επίμυες Wistar (WI HsdOla) ηλικίας 3 μηνών, που ζύγιζαν 197,09 ± 7,39 g. Η αρχική αιμοληψία πραγματοποιήθηκε σε όλα τα ζώα από την πλάγια κοκκυγική φλέβα για την αξιολόγηση των επιπέδων γλυκόζης. Τα ζώα στη συνέχεια χωρίστηκαν τυχαία σε 3 ομάδες ώστε να λάβουν ένα από τα τρία διαφορετικά αναισθητικά πρωτόκολλα: δεξμεδετομιδίνη/κεταμίνη ενδομυϊκά (0,25 mg/kg και 50 mg/kg αντίστοιχα), βαμβάκι εμποτισμένο με 0,2 ml ισοφλουρανίου τοποθετημένο μέσα σε σύριγγα, ή ισοφλουράνιο χορηγούμενο με αναισθητική μηχανή (5% για εισαγωγή στην αναισθησία και 2-3% για συντήρηση , ροή οξυγόνου 1 L/min). Συλλέχθηκαν δείγματα αίματος από την οπίσθια κοίλη φλέβα για τη γενική αίματος και τις βιοχημικές αναλύσεις, ενώ συλλέχθηκαν ο πνεύμονας και το ήπαρ για ιστολογική αξιολόγηση. Η σύγκριση μεταξύ των ομάδων, όσον αφορά τις αιματολογικές παραμέτρους κατέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στις τιμές των ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων, του αιματοκρίτη και της αιμοσφαιρίνης με τις χαμηλότερες τιμές να παρατηρούνται στην ομάδα με τη χρήση αναισθητικής μηχανής. Η σύγκριση εντός της ομάδας κατέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στα επίπεδα γλυκόζης και για τις τρεις ομάδες. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν ενδεί-ξεις αλλοιώσεων σχετικών με φλεγμονή, εκφυλιστική νεοπλασία ή τοξικότητα κατά την ιστολογική αξιολόγηση του πνεύμονα και του ήπατος.
Understanding the long term impact of early life seizures (ELS) is of vital importance both for researchers and clinicians. Most experimental studies of how seizures affect the developing brain have drawn their conclusions based on changes detected at the cellular or behavioral level, rather than on intermediate levels of analysis, such as the physiology of neuronal networks. Neurons work as part of networks and network dynamics integrate the function of molecules, cells and synapses in the emergent properties of brain circuits that reflect the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain. Therefore, studying network dynamics could help bridge the cell-to-behavior gap in our understanding of the neurobiological effects of seizures. To this end we investigated the long-term effects of ELS on local network dynamics in mouse neocortex. By using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced animal model of generalized seizures, single or multiple seizures were induced at two different developmental stages (P9–15 or P19–23) in order to examine how seizure severity and brain maturational status interact to affect the brain’s vulnerability to ELS. Cortical physiology was assessed by comparing spontaneous network activity (in the form of recurring Up states) in brain slices of adult (>5 mo) mice. In these experiments we examined two distinct cortical regions, the primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortex in order to investigate regional differences in vulnerability to ELS. We find that the effects of ELSs vary depending on (i) the severity of the seizures (e.g., single intermittent ELS at P19–23 had no effect on Up state activity, but multiple seizures induced during the same period caused a significant change in the spectral content of spontaneous Up states), (ii) the cortical area examined, and (iii) the developmental stage at which the seizures are administered. These results reveal that even moderate experiences of ELS can have long lasting age- and region-specific effects in local cortical network dynamics.
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