Background The optimal nutritional status of the mother is one of the most influential non-genetic factors for the healthy development of the fetus. In recent years, more and more scientific evidence has been accumulating that her dietary habits and nutritional status determine the fetal development and the health of the offspring. Methods A cross - sectional study of pregnant women's dietary habits was conducted online. A questionnaire is attached, including questions about the diet, the frequency of consumption of certain food groups, application of alternative eating patterns and more. The analysis of the results is done with a software statistical package Jamovi ver. 2.3.0. Results The servey is conducted among 117 women with a mean age of 30.4 ± 4.88 years. The majority of them have changed their dietary habits after registering a pregnancy (72.6%). Among all respondents, 18.8% haven't got a fixed diet. 67% of the respondents eat 3 - 4 times a day, and 5.1% - less than three times a day. The relative share of pregnant women who consume milk and dairy products every day is 41% and 47%, respectively. None of the respondents restrains from consuming dairy products. Only 5.1% of the respondents do not consume milk. Six of the surveyed women (5.1%) do not eat meat and 14 (12%) do not eat fish. The relative share of women who eat fish 1 - 2 times a week is 29.9%. The majority of women (88.9%) doesn't consume alcohol during pregnancy. The relative share of vegetarians is 6%. There are no vegans among the women surveyed. Conclusions The majority of pregnant women surveyed follow the recommendations for healthy eating. There are women at risk of developing nutritional deficiencies among the respondents - macro - and micronutrients, which is a threat for maternal health, the course of pregnancy, as well as the growth and development of offspring. Key messages

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РЕЗЮМЕ В светлината на значително увеличаващите се икономически загуби вследствие зачестяващите бедствия, аварии и катастрофи, е направено проучване за определяне на глобалните рискове, природни и антропогенни бедствия за Република България и Североизточния район на планиране. Проучени са изследвания на експерти от Световния икономически форум, както и други документи и доклади на Европейския съвет относно риска от бедствия. За засилване превенцията и готовността за бедствия в ЕС са предложени различни подходи за намаляване ефекта от бедствените ситуации. Към тях се отнасят създаване на опростена рамка за отчитане, с акцент върху ключови трансгранични рискове и рискове с ниска вероятност, но с голямо въздействие; предоставяне на подкрепа на държавите членки за увеличаване на съществуващите мерки; изграждане на нова мрежа на ЕС за гражданска защита, където да се споделят знания и поуки от минали бедствия и справянето с тях.

Natural and anthropogenic disasters become more frequent worldwide. As technology advances, the risk of major industrial accidents increases. Often accidents in the chemical and oil industry, in agriculture, or during transportation, lead to mass poisoning and extensive environmental pollution. The particularities of the medical support in case of such chemical incidents are challenging the healthcare system. The article aims to analyze the chemical accidents and the measures taken to reduce their effect in Bulgaria and in the Black sea aquatory. Historical and documentary methods have been used to gather information on disasters and accidents in Bulgaria, where toxic chemicals have been released into the environment, causing material damage and human casualties. We have researched and analyzed various articles and publications in Bulgarian and foreign scientific journals on the subject. Major industrial and transport accidents in the last 50-60 years on land and water had been selected from the literature sources. Both the reasons that led to them and the measures which were taken to eliminate the consequences were discussed. The major industrial accidents with a release of industrial toxic substances into the environment are relatively common and result in contaminating large areas and many casualties. Chemical accidents at sea are indicative of the need for joint action by different organizations to quickly overcome and avoid environmental impact. The risk of industrial poisonous substances entering the environment is significant and measures to avoid such accidents have to be taken, as well as training of a wide range of health professionals and the general public on the proper behaviour in case of a chemical disaster.

Бедствените ситуации създават условия за тежка обща и медицинска обстановка в района на катастрофата. Действащите фактори са: променена обстановка, биологични и психични фактори.Психичните проблеми възникват от неподготвеността за събитието, от изненадата, изживяването на безпомощност, объркване, паника и често липса на съпричастност и помощ.Значителен процент психични проблеми на пострадали възникват веднага след инцидента или след известен латентен период. Общопрактикуващите лекари и всички медицински кадри е необходимо да разграничават 3-те основни групи психични разстройства, възникващи във връзка с бедствените ситуации: невротични, свързани със стрес и соматоформни разстройства; разстройства, свързани със злоупотреба с психоактивни вещества, и личностови разстройства.