La fatiga, la anorexia y la pérdida de peso involuntaria son términos que se han incluido en la definición de síndrome constitucional. Estos acompañan a muchas enfermedades en las que el diagnóstico se realiza mediante síntomas y signos específicos. Sin embargo, en adultos mayores, el término puede llegar a ser más ambiguo y no en todos los casos se asocia con malignidad. Es común que los adultos mayores presenten pérdida del apetito o disminución de la ingesta de alimentos, dado que la anorexia y la disgeusia en el anciano son cambios fisiológicos normales que pueden afectar su metabolismo energético y el estado general de salud. Adicionalmente, las comorbilidades y algunos medicamentos pueden tener un efecto sobre la ingesta alimentaria y la pérdida de peso. Es por esto por lo que es importante tener otros diagnósticos diferenciales de esta entidad clínica, como sarcopenia y fragilidad, que en sus propios criterios diagnósticos están la pérdida de peso y la fatiga. Ante los múltiples diagnósticos diferenciales, actualmente el síndrome constitucional puede ser un reto en la población adulta mayor, y la valoración geriátrica, una herramienta útil para abordarlo.
Background:Older adults admitted to a hospital for acute illness are at higher risk of hospital-associated functional decline during stays and after discharge Objective:This study aimed to assess the calibration and discriminative abilities of the Hospital Admission Risk Profile (HARP) and the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) scales as predictors of hospital-associated functional decline at discharge in a cohort of patients older than 65 receiving management in an acute geriatric care unit in Colombia. Methods:This study is an external validation of ISAR and HARP prediction models in a cohort of patients over 65 years managed in an acute geriatric care unit. The study included patients with the Barthel index measured at admission and discharge. The evaluation discriminates ability and calibration, two fundamental aspects of the scales. Results:Of 833 patients evaluated, 363 (43.6%) presented hospital-associated functional decline at discharge. The HARP underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and intermediate-risk categories (relation between observed/expected events (ROE) 1.82 and 1.51, respectively). The HARP overestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in the high-risk category (ROE 0.91). The ISAR underestimated the risk of hospital-associated functional decline for patients in low- and high-risk categories (ROE 1.59 and 1.11). Both scales showed poor discriminative ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) between 0.55 and 0.60. Conclusion:This study found that HARP and ISAR scales have limited discriminative ability to predict HAFD at discharge. The HARP and ISAR scales should be used cautiously in the Colombian population since they underestimate the risk of hospital-associated functional decline and have low discriminative ability.
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