The recent evolution of European health policies and tourism market trends highlights the increasing attention to health promotion strategies along with healthcare tourism innovation. Thermal industry, considered as a set of places of care, represents a possible field for the integration of territorial health tourism services, thanks to its border-crossing connotation and its recognition by the European Commission as main subsector of health tourism. Although Italy represents one of the most attractive European health tourism destination, the thermal sector is still underdeveloped, in extremely heterogeneous and fragmented conditions, unable to catalyze socioeconomic potentialities as well as optimize the use of relevant built heritage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop reliable tools and decision-making models for improving the sector in terms of health, tourism and territorial qualities. Starting from previous studies, the aim of the article is to present the development of archiTHERMability tool and discuss the results of the application on different typologies of thermal facilities. The methodological path followed three steps: (a) a review was conducted among different assessment tools to understand the state of the art; (b) the existing Italian thermal heritage was mapped, and appropriate criteria and macroareas were selected and weighted based on interviews structured with multidisciplinary experts in architecture/territory/management areas; (c) the tool was tested on two different categories of thermal facilities. The tool application on four different thermal facilities highlighted, as expected, the relevance of the managerial field. Nevertheless, the importance of the territorial context and its levels of accessibility plays a fundamental role in the structure's characterization. ArchiTHERMability hence represents an innovative tool for analyzing and understanding the Italian thermal heritage potentialities. Further investigation is necessary to test the tool on a wider sample and with different weights of criteria.

Spa towns represented, for decades, a point of reference for the European panorama of health, tourism and cultural exchange. They have been the first tourist destination in the modern sense, as well as a manifesto for a renewed demand of quality and laboratories for architectural and urban experimentations. A product of territorial relations, they have been able to aggregate ideas, capital and skills in a generative logic. However, from the second half of the 20th Century, these cities underwent a series of structural changes related to health and tourism trends that deeply affected all levels of their local systems. Today, these places are witnessing numerous episodes of degradation and abandonment of their built cultural heritage. Promoting a place-based approach, this paper argues that spa towns could be reconsidered as strategic resources in the construction of the territorial capital and that adaptive reuse practices, if integrated into strategic visions, can represent a driver for the activation of a sustainability transition based on ‘fully circular’ processes. Here, the abandoned built cultural heritage represents an opportunity space, a potential catalyst of innovative synergies, and a meeting point between local and territorial interests. While referring both to theoretical profiles and applied research experiences, the paper frames urban transformation and adaptive reuse processes as an integrated challenge within change management logics. Finally, the paper proposes a set of thematic recommendations in order to stimulate the creation of receptive environments for change and deal with the different times, scales, actors and the economic and non-economic interests involved.

The debate surrounding the universal criteria of education is the starting point for an exploration of the specific nature of teaching architectural disciplines, based on a balanced alchemy between scientific, humanistic and technical knowledge, and characterised by an essential experimental approach. In this scenario, are there codified formulae for arriving at a definition of education in architecture that is capable of responding to the needs of a renewed approach to knowledge and the discipline’s evolution? We are living in a historic phase where the dynamics of training are being constantly revised, which should see teachers once again play a central role as the cornerstone of an educational and formative journey, consistent with the current reconfiguration of professions. It is a maieutic method of learning which interprets the conceptual, design-oriented and constructive dimensions as substantial and integrated elements of architectural practice; methods and tools are the means and not the ends of a teaching environment that is open and increasingly connected to each individual student. As an intellectual figure, the architect requires holistic – as well as scientific – training, able to strengthen a cross-cutting search for the foundation of an architect who should have mastered the art of constructing real buildings and living spaces, and have an evident sensitivity towards measurement, space and harmony. Today it is essential to formulate a reflection on the role of the architect, in relation to contemporary urban and social dynamics which place the environment – and its protection – at the centre of the debate. Design is learnt by designing. This means that the transmission of the values of design culture should be understood as critical competence, capable of synthesising cross-cutting contributions and addressing the complex problems of contemporaneity, by means of a conscious creative process. This contribution examines this phenomenon in order to outline methods and tools capable of training architects of the future.

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