Introduction: Wounds can be colonized by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in the wounds of patients treated at Basic Health Units in Brazil and identifi ed risk factors associated with their presence. Results: The prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA were 51.5% and 8.7%, respectively. There was a correlation between the presence of S. aureus in wounds and nostrils (p<0.01). A positive association was detected between S. aureus infection and previous benzylpenicillin use (p=0.02). No associations were observed for MRSA. Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant pathogens are present in primary healthcare settings in Brazil.
Objective
To evaluate the molecular epidemiology and to georeference Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds and nares of patients seen at Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a Brazilian city.
Methods
Observational, cross‐sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2013. A total of 119 S. aureus strains isolated from the wounds and nares of 88 patients were studied. The isolates were characterised by identifying virulence genes encoding enterotoxins A–E, haemolysins α, β and δ, exfoliatins A, B and D, biofilm production, Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence and spa typing.
Results
Eighteen methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (6 SCCmec type II and 12 SCCmec type IV) and 101 (85%) MSSA were identified. PFGE typing resulted in the formation of eight clusters, with STs 1, 5, 8, 30, 188, 1176 and 1635 and spa type t002 being the predominant types among MSSA. The 18 MRSA belonged to STs 5, 8 and 1176 and spa types t002 and t062.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate widespread dissemination of MSSA and MRSA clones carrying haemolysin, biofilm and toxin genes. Kernel density estimation revealed the highest density of S. aureus in the 4, 5 and 8 BHUs.
Analisar eventos no processo de trabalho gerencial e assistencial da enfermagem, como interferências na carga de trabalho de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, de série histórica na análise da carga de trabalho. Foram realizadas aferições do Nursing Activities Score entre 2007 a 2014. Os eventos foram divididos em ações gerenciais e assistenciais. Resultados: O Nursing Activities Score foi aplicado 35262 vezes em 4731 pacientes. Entre as intervenções gerenciais, a carga de trabalho foi maior na vigência da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada nº. 26 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária concomitante ao aumento da proporção de pacientes por enfermeiro (p<0,001), na implantação dos sítios assistenciais (p<0,001) e na expansão da unidade (p<0,001). Entre as intervenções assistenciais, houve aumento da carga de trabalho no período de incorporação tecnológica (p<0,001), credenciamento de transplante hepático (p<0,001) e implantação de bundle de controle de infecção (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os eventos no processo de trabalho gerencial e assistencial da enfermagem que tiveram como objetivo melhorar a qualidade da assistência, constituem fatores que interferem na carga de trabalho da enfermagem em UTI, uma vez que esta tem aumentado ao longo dos anos.
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