It is important to develop scaffolds that resemble the extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating tissue regeneration. The objective of this work is to evaluate the biocompatibility of scaffolds of poly (L-lactide) with pure and grafted hydroxyapatite, at various concentrations of reinforcement, in Wistar Rat tissues, to evaluate the potential application on hard tissue regeneration. The biocompatibility tests were carried out in vivo in Wistar rats by implanting the material into the subcutaneous tissue and muscle from 1 to 14 weeks and evaluating the surrounding tissue stained with hematoxylin-eosin. All variants of scaffolds provoked an inflammatory response from mild to moderate, without showing necrosis. These results show that even if there is recognition of the implanted materials by the immune system, it does not provoke a violent response that damages the surrounding tissue, implying that the materials to be implanted for use in hard tissue can cause a mild reaction and tolerable long term effect that does not prevent their later use in hard tissue regeneration.

<p>The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocompatibility of scaffolds of poly(<em>L</em>-lactide) with pure and grafted hydroxyapatite, at various concentrations of reinforcement. The biocompatibility tests were carried out <em>in vivo </em>in Wistar rats by implanting the material into the subcutaneous and muscle tissues from 1 to 14 weeks and evaluating the surrounding tissue stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For <em>in vitro </em>assays, MTT and neutral red assay were used to evaluate any cytotoxicity in Mioblast Muscle C2C12 Cells (ATCC® CRL-1772™) and Bovine Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (BCAEC); <em>Escherichia coli </em>and <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>were used to evaluate bacterial adhesion. All variants of scaffolds provoked a mild inflammatory response, without showing necrosis. No evidence of cytotoxicity was presented in cell viability tests and good bacterial cell adhesion was visualized for all of the materials studied.</p>