Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen by proxy syndrome belong belong to a group of disease called “factitious disorder” and are severe mental disorders having the “end” position for a healthy person to become patient, respectively to “create” a disease to another person, asking or requiring medical intervention for him/her. Munchausen syndrome by proxy is rare, but it is difficult to be recognized and confirmed, is a form of abuse, particularly against children, potentially lethal, often misunderstood. Many methods are used by adults counterfeiters to induce a false child’s condition: poisoning, injury, producing bleeding, infection. Complaints exposed by the mothers as belonging to the child are not for a personal benefit, but are justified by a desire to be a “hero” mothers and to play the role of the people most attached and thoughtful of their child. Diagnosis should include evaluation of the child, parents and family and is based on suggestive elements: child with multiple health problems that do not respond to treatment or recur under proper therapy, laboratory investigations discrepancies, child’s signs and symptoms disappear in the absence of the parent. The false disease of the child, intentionally distorted described by adult, do not really affect him/her, but the diagnostic process and medical treatment can cause pain and discomfort. Ethical and legal issues associated with MSBP involves healthcare professionals by the medical consequences on the child as a result of false complains described by the parent. Education of patient, family and medical personnel is a very important step in the recognition, prevention and treatment of MSBP.
Sindromul Münchausen (SM) şi Münchausen prin transfer (SMPT) aparţin afecţiunilor numite „Factitious disorder şi reprezintă tulburări mentale severe care au ca „scop“ situaţia de a deveni pacient respectiv de a „fabrica“ o boală unei alte persoane, aflată în îngrijire, solicitând sau necesitând intervenţie medicală pentru aceasta. Sindromul Münchausen prin transfer nu este rar, dar este dificil de recunoscut şi de confirmat, este o formă de abuz, în special asupra copilului, potenţial letală, frecvent neînţeleasă şi nedepistată. Metodele folosite de adulţii falsificatori pentru a induce o afecţiune falsă copilului sunt variate: otrăvire, rănire, producerea de sângerări, infectare. Acuzele expuse de mamă ca aparţinând copilului nu au drept scop obţinerea de avantaje personale, ci sunt alimentate de dorinţa mamelor de a le fi acordat rolul de „erou“ şi de a fi recunoscute ca fiind persoanele ce acordă cea mai mare grijă copilului lor. Diagnosticul trebuie să includă evaluarea copilului, a părinţilor şi a familiei, unele elemente fiind sugestive: copil cu multiple probleme de sănătate, care nu răspunde la tratament sau reapar sub terapie adecvată, cu investigaţii paraclinice discrepante şi semne şi simptome ce dispar în absenţa părintelui. Afecţiunea falsă a copilului, descrisă intenţionat denaturat de către adult, nu-l afectează negativ pe acesta, dar procesul medical de diagnostic şi tratament poate produce durere şi disconfort. Aspectele etice şi legale asociate SMPT implică şi personalul medical, prin consecinţele actului medical asupra copilului, ca urmare a falsificării realităţii de către părinte. Educaţia pacientului, familiei şi personalului medical reprezintă o etapă foarte importantă în recunoaşterea, prevenirea şi tratamentul SMPT.
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