Phagocytosis and mechanisms of killing of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by murine alveolar macrophages (AM), which are the main phagocytic cells of the innate immunity of the lung, were investigated. Engulfment of conidia by murine AM lasts 2 h. Killing of A. fumigatus conidia by AM begins after 6 h of phagocytosis. Swelling of the conidia inside the AM is a prerequisite for killing of conidia. The contributions of NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase to the conidicidal activity of AM were studied using AM from OF1, wild-type and congenic p47phox ؊/؊ 129Sv, and wild-type and congenic iNOS ؊/؊ C57BL/6 mice. AM from p47phox ؊/؊ mice were unable to kill A. fumigatus conidia. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase that decreased the production of reactive oxidant intermediates inhibited the killing of A. fumigatus without altering the phagocytosis rate. In contrast to NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase does not play a role in killing of conidia. Corticosteroids did not alter the internalization of conidia by AM but did inhibit the production of reactive oxidant intermediates and the killing of A. fumigatus conidia by AM. Impairment of production of reactive oxidant intermediates by corticosteroids is responsible for the development of invasive aspergillosis in immunosuppressed mice.

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El adulterio y la violencia femenina en algunos pliegos sueltos poéticos del siglo XVI Adultery and Female Violence in some Poetic Spanish Chapbooks of the 16 th CenturyMaría Sánchez-PérezUniversidad de Salamanca RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el tratamiento del adulterio y la violencia femenina en pliegos sueltos poéticos del siglo XVI. Mediante un recorrido por varios casos veremos cómo la mujer adúltera comete todo tipo de atrocidades y asesinatos para gozar libremente de su amante. En ocasiones asesinará al marido, pero también a todos aquellos que se interpongan en su relación. Se nos presenta así la imagen de una mujer libidinosa, cruel y peligrosa, de acuerdo con la concepción y la mentalidad de la época.Palabras clave: Adulterio, Violencia, Pliegos sueltos poéticos, Literatura popular, España. SUMMARYThe aim of this article is to study the depiction of adultery and female violence in poetic chapbooks of the 16 th century. By going over several cases we will show that adulterous women perform all kinds of atrocities and killings to enjoy her lover freely. Occasionally she will murder her husband, but also anyone who comes between their relationship. The image we get, then, is that of a lustful, cruel and dangerous woman, according to the mentality of the time.

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