Neste trabalho foram enfatizadas as potencialidades da geração sonoquímica de reagentes pela irradiação ultra-sônica de resíduos de organoclorados de efluentes laboratoriais com a produção de soluções de cloreto e hipoclorito para propósitos analíticos. Foi avaliada a dependência entre a produção de cloreto obtida pela sonicação de efluentes contendo organoclorados e o tempo de irradiação para CCl 4 , CHCl 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 e do inseticida Thiamethoxam ® . Sob condições de saturação pôde ser observada a maior produção de cloreto para CHCl 3 . O processo sonoquímico de geração de cloreto mostrou boa precisão (RSD < 10%). A extensão da geração sonoquímica de hipoclorito foi também avaliada quando conduzida em presença de concentrações diferentes de NaOH. O hipoclorito gerado pela degradação de resíduos foi monitorado pelo método de Berthelot, empregado para a determinação de NH 4 + . Os resultados da produção de azul de indofenol obtidos com soluções de hipoclorito geradas sonoquimicamente foram comparados, para diferentes concentrações de NH 4 + , com solução comercial do reagente e nenhuma diferença significativa (nível de confiança de 95%) foi constatada.This work was aimed at highlighting the potentialities of the reagent generation by ultrasonic irradiation to produce chloride and hypochlorite solutions for analytical purposes derived from the residues of organochlorines of laboratory effluents. The dependence between the production of chloride obtained from the sonication of effluents containing organochlorines and the irradiation time was evaluated for CCl 4 , CHCl 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 and Thiamethoxam ® . It was observed that under saturation conditions the production of chloride was highest for CHCl 3 . Additionally, good precision related to the sonochemical generation of chloride was achieved (RSD < 10%). The extent of sonochemical generation of hypochlorite was also evaluated in the presence of different NaOH concentrations. The hypochlorite generated by the degradation of CCl 4 residues was monitored by the reference Berthelot method for NH 4 + determination. The results obtained with hypochlorite solution sonochemically generated for different NH 4 + concentration were compared with the conventional reagent and no significant difference (95% confidence level) was found.
Recebido em 16/5/08; aceito em 8/12/08; publicado na web em 7/5/09 MULTICOMMUTED FLOW SYSTEM FOR AMMONIUM AND MONOCHLORAMINE DETERMINATIONS IN WASTEWATER AND DISINFECTION PRODUCTS. A binary sampling flow analysis system equipped with gas diffusion cell was developed for NH 4 + and/or NH 2 Cl determination in wastewater and disinfection products samples based on the Berthelot reaction of the NH 2 Cl diffused through the semi-permeable PTFE membrane. The effect of the analytical conditions related to the reaction and flow parameters were evaluated and N-NH 4 + and N-NH 2 Cl were determined in concentration ranges from 0.17 to 5 mg L-1 and from 0.5 to 14.5 mg L-1 , respectively. Limits of detection (3σ) of 50 and 140 µg L-1 for N-NH 4 + and N-NH 2 Cl were calculated, respectively, and RSD of 5 and 2% were calculated for 10 consecutive determinations of N-NH 4 + (1 and 3 mg L-1) and N-NH 2 Cl (3 and 9 mg L-1), respectively with 30 determinations h-1 .
outra visão com relação ao mundo científico depois da convivência com todos! Aos professores da UNEB e da UFU que contribuíram para minha formação.A todos os meus eternos amigos da UNEB e UFBA: Guardo-os em meu coração! Aos professores Waldomiro Borges Neto e Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Muñoz por todas as contribuições e incentivos para o andamento deste trabalho.
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