This article presents a brief overview of selected flood risk and flood damage assessment studies. The assessment on the Luvuvhu River focused on risk assessment based on hazard and vulnerability parameters. To these parameters was added another parameter, the exposure parameter in the assessment in the study of Sri Lanka. Hazard, vulnerability and exposure assessment were also performed on the Yangtze River in China, where the authors presented a proposal for a multi-index flood risk assessment concept. The output of these studies are flood risk maps for each indicator, as well as individual risk assessments in the given area. The next section is focused on the flood damage evaluation. The main tool for calculating flood damage in a study conducted in Beijing is flood risk. The calculation process focuses on the Integrated Flood Management (IFRM) method, which consists of risk identification, damage assessment and flood management to design flood protection measures. In flood management, the term vulnerability often occurs, which is a weakness or shortcoming that allows the hazard to be applied. Closely related to this concept is the sensitivity parameter, which can be used to estimate flood damage in the next case study in affected area in Netherland. The last of selected studies presents the application of the RESTful Application Program Interface (API) for the financial estimation of building damage. The API web service allows you to calculate flood damage to buildings without determining the flood risk.

The paper focuses on assessing the effects of floods on selected components of the environment in the Hornád river basin: the impact of floods on population, water conditions, soil, fauna, flora and their habitats, structure and use of land and landscape, protected areas and their protection zones, the territorial system of ecological stability, urban complexes and land use, cultural and historical heritage, cultural values of an intangible nature, and archaeological and paleontological sites and important geological localities. The assessment was performed using the risk analysis method. The risk index was calculated by summing the products of probabilities and consequences for each impact of flooding on the components of the environment, and the total value of the risk index is 5.5 (average risk). The hazard index was determined by quantification of industrial sources of pollution in the river basin: each source of pollution was assigned a point score; the total hazard is represented by the sum of the points for these sources of pollution, and is equal to 19. The total risk index is then represented by the product of the risk and hazard indices, i.e. 104.5. This value indicates a low level of flood damage risk in the Hornád river basin.

The aim of this paper is to determine the degree of threat in the floodplain of the Hornád river basin and to propose measures that can be used in practice at the time of the flood. The methodology is based on the principle of FEIRA (Flood Environmental Impact Risk Analysis), where the probability and consequence of the negative impact of floods on environmental components is determined on the basis of the analysis of selected stressors. From these indicators, the degree of risk in the Hornád river basin in the event of a flood is subsequently determined. Since there are several industrial sites in the solved area, which can cause extensive pollution of watercourses in case of floods, the work also presents the calculation of the threat according to the point evaluation of pollution sources. The combination of the FEIRA process and the proposed methodology for the assessment of flood environmental damage determined the overall risk of environmental damage due to floods in the Hornád catchment area. This paper is a proposal for measures to protect against floods in the area in case of floods.

The most appropriate method to protect settlements and economically important sites from flood hazard, is the implementation of flood protection measures in stream catchments and protected localities, which contribute to reduce the peak flow and distribution of the flood wave over a longer period of time. If such measures are not realistic or ineffective, it is necessary to focus on flood protection directly on the area of the protected side or its vicinity. Where the lag time between the flood threat detection and actual flood onset is short, one possible measure is to increase the capacity of the watercourse, very often in combination with other flood mitigation measures in the protected area. The engineering approach to flood protection is the subject of many scientific research studies. Permission for flood protection structures depends on their environmental impact assessment (EIA), according to Law no. 24/2002 Coll. on Environmental Impact Assessment in the Slovak Republic, annex no. 8 (list of activities subject to EIA). Based on the EIA, it is possible to select the best alternative of flood protection, i.e., the alternative with the lowest risk impact on the environment. This paper aims to analyse the flood protection measures along the Lukavica stream (central Slovakia), applying hydraulic models. The best alternative with the lowest impact on the environment, assessed using the risk analysis method, consists of detention reservoir construction. An effective combination of environmental impact assessment and hydraulic modelling contribute to the selection of an effective flood protection measure in the territory.

This paper is focused on assessing the effects of floods on selected components of the environment. The components include the impact of floods on the population, water conditions, soil, fauna, flora and their habitats, the structure and use of the landscape, protected areas and their protection zones, for the territorial system of ecological stability, for the urban complex and land use, for cultural and historical monuments, cultural values of an intangible nature and for archaeological and paleontological sites and important geological localities. The basic principle of the methodology is the calculation of the risk index -an estimate of the level of risk that the proposed activity represents for the environment. The risk analysis is based on the principle that stressors are associated with the proposed activity, which poses a certain risk to the components of the environment. This can be quantified by calculating the individual risk for each identified environmental impact of the stressor. In summary, the total risk can be calculated, which represents what risk the proposed activity poses to the environment and human health. The calculated value of total risk represents very low level of risk in the addressed river basin. As a proposal for measures in the event of floods, a Draft Protocol providing health and social care in case of floods is created. The Draft Protocol may be used as a supplement to the Flood Management Plan from the point of view of providing health and social care.