As a writer of American literature, while being of Chinese extraction, Amy Tan was born and raised in the United States. In her works, we sometimes notice the appearance of marks of the Chinese language, which is sometimes evident in the discourse of a bilingual person. In addition, her works are also full of cultural words strongly linked to traditional Chinese culture that, when translated, find lexical gaps in the target language, producing divergence and loss of meaning. Through the analysis of linguistic and cultural hybridity in the Portuguese translation of The Joy Luck Clubby her, we intend to highlight how these hybrid phenomena are transposed from the source text to the target text, to help readers better understand the functions and translational results of these hybrid phenomena.
Yves Klein's Sculptures-Éponge are natural sea sponges soaked in International Klein Blue (IKB), assembled on metal pedestals. This work examines the constituent materials, the execution technique and the deterioration problems of the sculptures which are covered by a friable matt paint, in order to define the guidelines for treatment and collections care. For the experimental work, samples were prepared in the laboratory with the same materials and techniques used by the artist. In order to solve problems relating to removal of dust deposits, many aspects were considered in the evaluation process, such as the presence of an organic and porous support, not discussion in the existing literature, the poor cohesion of the surface and Klein's specific recommendations for handling his Monochromes only with gloves, and removing dust while avoiding any contact with the painted layers. Photo-ablation using laser radiation was identified as a possible solution. Three Nd:YAG lasers with different pulse durations (short free-running (SFR), long Q-switched (LQS), and Q-switched (QS)) operating at 1064 nm were tested on two kinds of support (samples of sponges saturated of IKB and glass slides painted with the same color) and on two different types of dirt (one only deposited and another adhered to the support). The interaction of laser radiation with the support and with the paint layers, and the effectiveness of cleaning operations, was monitored with a stereo microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was possible to define a method which was then applied for the removal of particulate dirt from a blue sponge stored in the Museum
The objective of the current research is to develop a mobile learning model for smart phones which will be used by educational institutions for learning and training purposes but also for on-the-go communication for students and academics and information sharing. It would determine the important elements of mobile applications as a medium to facilitate m-Learning both in assembling responses from students and for reporting feedback to individual students. The mobile application would also integrate capabilities so the students would be able to access presentations by professionals through the 3G application in their mobile devices. They could also interact by posting their comments and sharing photos, images, voice and video though this application. The lecturer could facilitate and moderate debates while students could respond and learn without being in front of a computer. The application would also be used as a digital marketing channel for promoting Educational Programmes to potential candidates.
RESUMO Introdução: Com a globalização, a interdependência de competências e de domínios tem-se aprofundado mundialmente. A formação de tradutores competentes torna-se cada vez mais importante. Em 2007, a Comissão de Grau Académico da China começou a implementação piloto do MTI (Master's in Translation and Interpreting), sendo que até agora mais de duzentas universidades já receberam a qualificação para iniciar este curso. Diferente dos cursos académicos de mestrado, o MTI é um mestrado profissionalizante, cujo objetivo consiste na formação de tradutores competentes para que, depois da formação, sejam capazes de adaptar-se rapidamente às exigências do mercado laboral. Objectivos: Devido ao início tardio e à pouca experiência nesta área, apesar de um crescimento muito rápido da quantidade de universidades com MTI, os tradutores formados neste mestrado não possuem as competências compatíveis com as exigências do mercado. Precisamente porque o nível de formação do MTI na China ainda dista muito de modelos maduros existentes no estrangeiro, propomos esta análise comparativa, entre a China e Portugal, do curso de mestrado em tradução. Com base no modelo teórico de Nord (2006) em relação à formação de tradutores, pretendemos realizar um estudo comparativo entre o curso de mestrado em tradução na China e um em Portugal. Concretamente, abordaremos os objetivos e os planos curriculares de ambos os mestrados, analisando as diferenças e semelhanças no que diz respeito à formação dos futuros profissionais. Métodos: Segundo Nord (2006), além da competência de tradução, existem ainda as competências em línguas, a competência cultural, a profissional e a técnica. Na formação o foco deve incidir mais na competência de tradução, na profissional e na técnica. Aliás, Nord criou o modelo de análise textual, enfatizando a importância da análise e da decisão quanto aos fatores internos e externos aos textos. Assim, apresentou as sugestões para os passos a seguir na formação de tradutores, esclarecendo o carácter intercultural da tradução e os papéis dos tradutores. Resultados: Neste trabalho comparam-se os planos curriculares dos ciclos de estudos de três universidades chinesas e uma portuguesa nomeadamente no que se refere às competências da tradução, linguística, cultural, profissional e teórica. Conclusões: Esperamos que esta pesquisa possa servir como incentivo para a formulação de novas políticas no ensino do MTI, contribuindo para o aumento do ensino prático e especializado em alunos que desejam a profissão de tradutor.
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