Cannabinoids induce apoptosis on glioma cells via stimulation of ceramide synthesis de novo, whereas they do not affect viability of primary astrocytes. In the present study, we show that incubation with Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol did not induce accumulation of ceramide on astrocytes, although incubation of these cells in a serum-free medium (with or without cannabinoids) led to stimulation of ceramide synthesis de novo and sensitization to oxidative stress. Thus treatment with H2O2 induced apoptosis of 5-day-serum-deprived astrocytes and this effect was abrogated by pharmacological blockade of ceramide synthesis de novo. The sensitizing effect of ceramide accumulation may depend on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation rather than on other ceramide targets. Finally, a protective role of cannabinoids on astrocytes is shown as a long-term incubation with cannabinoids prevented H2O2-induced loss of viability in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner. In summary, our results show that whereas challenge of glioma cells with cannabinoids induces accumulation of de novo -synthesized ceramide and apoptosis, long-term treatment of astrocytes with these compounds does not stimulate this pathway and also abrogates the sensitizing effects of ceramide accumulation.
This article is the result of an investigation that analyzes the treatment that the RESUMENEste artículo es el resultado de una inves tigación que analiza el tratamiento que los diarios españoles La Razón, El Mundo, El País y ABC dieron al cannabis desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2015. Aplicando la metodología de análisis de contenido, se cuantifica, analiza y compara el tratamiento informativo que realizan los diarios mencionados. Las conclusiones muestran que el cannabis es un tema de interés en la agenda de los periódicos, aunque recibe un trata miento eminentemente informativo, con abundancia de noticias descriptivas, en relación con las de opinión y análisis. Los temas principales de las noticias que tratan el cannabis se refieren a aspectos policiales, judiciales y delictivos.Palabras clave: cannabis, prensa, análisis de contenido, cobertura, tratamiento, temáticas. RESUMOEste artigo é resultado de uma inves tigação que analisa o tratamento que os diários espanhóis La Razón, El Mundo, El País e ABC deram à cannabis entre 1º de janeiro de 2015 e 31 de dezem bro de 2015. Apli cando a metodologia de análise de con teúdo, quantifica se, analisa se e compara se o tratamento ao tema dado pelos jornais menciona dos. As conclusões mostram que a can nabis é um tema de interesse na agenda dos jornais, ainda que receba um trata mento eminentemente informativo, com abundância de notícias descritivas, em relação com as de opinião e análise. Os temas principais das notí cias que tratam a cannabis se referem a aspectos policiais, judiciais e de delitos.Palavras-chave: cannabis, imprensa, análise de conteúdo, cobertura, tratamento, temáticas.
ResumenAprovechando la renuncia de Benedicto XVI se ha estudiado la actividad en Twitter de los 117 cardena les electores que se han reunido en el Cónclave para elegir al nuevo Papa. La hipótesis de partida es que, en un contexto de distanciamiento creciente de la población, los principales miembros de la Iglesia Ca tólica se valen de tecnologías como la red de microblogging porque, entre otras cosas, aumentan su vi sibilidad, reducen el coste de las acciones de evangelización, favorecen la cooperación entre los fieles y facilitan la difusión de información religiosa. En este artículo se ve que predomina el modelo comuni cativo 'topdown' y que, salvo contadas excepciones, los cardenales tienden a usar la herramienta más como una plataforma complementaria de difusión que como un espacio de conversación y escucha. Palabras clave: información religiosa, evangelización, redes sociales, Twitter, Iglesia Católica Evangelizing from social networks: the case of the Cardinals on Twitter Abstract Taking advantage of the unexpected resignation of Benedict XVI, this study examined the Twitter activity of 117 cardinal electors who have gathered in the 2013 conclave to elect a new pope. The hypothesis is that, in a context of decreasing people who pray and go to church, leading members of the Catholic Church make use of technologies such as microblogging network because, among other things, increase visibility, reduce the cost of evangelization, promote cooperation between the faithful and facilitate the dissemina tion of religious information. In this article we can see that the predominant communicative model is 'top down' and that, with few exceptions, the Cardinals (a group with a mean age of 77 years) tend to use the tool as a complementary platform rather than a space of conversation and listening.
Resumen. El presente trabajo analiza la atención mediática que los diarios españoles La Razón, El Mundo, El País, ABC y La Vanguardia otorgan al cannabis terapéutico, desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2015. Mediante una metodología de análisis de contenido se analiza y compara el tratamiento que realizan los diarios mencionados. Los resultados confirman el predominio de textos descriptivos elaborados mayoritariamente con una sola fuente. La temática abordada se centra en la legalización, las adicciones y en menor medida en la medicina, la salud y sus efectos adversos.Abstract. This work analyzes the media coverage that the Spanish newspapers La Razón, El Mundo, El País, ABC and La Vanguardia gave to therapeutic cannabis, from the 1st of January to the 31st December of 2015. Using a content analysis methodology, we analyze and compare the treatment these newspapers give to cannabis issues. The results confirm the predominance of descriptive texts elaborated mainly with a single source. The main themes are legalization, addictions and, to a lesser extent, medicine, health and its adverse effects.
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