RESUMO ABSTRACTThis qualitative study characterized individuals with heart failure (HF) according to their sociodemographic, health, and treatment profiles and analyzed their knowledge on the disease and its treatment. A total of 42 volunteers with HF were interviewed at a cardiology hospital in São Paulo using a semi-structured questionnaire; the data were subjected to content analysis. The sample comprised mostly males and individuals older than 45 years old; the sample was classified as functional class II with associated comorbidities and was subjected to pharmacological treatment. The type of knowledge exhibited by the sample was illustrative, diagnostic, and explanatory, and many different meanings were attributed to the disease. Most volunteers did not know the names, doses, or frequencies of use of their medications. Non-pharmacological treatment was identified as related to the information provided by the healthcare professionals about nutrition and salt and water intake. The results pave the road for systematic educational interventions that can improve the coping with and management of this disease. DESCRIPTORSHeart failure Knowledge Health education Nursing care RESUMENInvestigación de naturaleza cualitativa que tuvo como objetivos caracterizar personas con Insuficiencia Cardiaca (IC), según el perfil sociodemográfico, de salud y de tratamiento; así como, analizar el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Fueron entrevistados 42 pacientes con IC, en un hospital de cardiología de Sao Paulo, se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado, cuyos datos fueron tratados por el análisis del contenido. Predominó el sexo masculino, edad mayor a 45 años, clase funcional II, con enfermedades asociadas y tratamiento farmacológico. Del análisis del contenido surgieron las categorías: conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y conocimiento sobre el tratamiento. El conocimiento es ilustrativo, diagnóstico y explicativo, atribuyéndose muchos significados a la enfermedad. La mayoría desconoce el nombre, la dosis y la frecuencia del uso de los medicamentos. El tratamiento no farmacológico se relaciona con las orientaciones de los profesionales de salud sobre alimentación, sal e ingestión hí-drica. Los resultados revelan perspectivas para intervenciones educativas sistematizadas que puedan contribuir a un mejor enfrentamiento y manejo de la enfermedad. DESCRIPTORES Insuficiencia cardiaca ConocimientoEducación en salud Atención de enfermería
São muitas as pessoas que explícita ou implicitamente contribuíram para a realização desta dissertação, em especial: À minha orientadora, Professora Doutora Vilanice Alves de Araújo Püschel, pela competência, paciência e incentivo, que tornaram possíveis a conclusão deste estudo. Obrigado por ter acreditado em mim. À Professora Doutora Ângela Pierin e Doutora Lucimar Sampaio pelas valiosas contribuições no Exame de Qualificação. Ao Professor Doutor Edimar Alcides Bocchi e Dra Fátima das Dores da Cruz pela valiosa contribuição para a realização deste estudo. Aos colegas do Instituto do Coração, pela colaboração e apoio, especialmente a Eliana, amiga e companheira de trabalho e estudo.
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