The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight the peculiarities of the Mexican population regarding the clinical expression, genetics, and treatment of lipid disorders. Furthermore, it is a call for action to address the existing gaps in care and research of dyslipidemias. The Mexican Mestizos are highly susceptible to metabolic disorders (i.e., low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and type 2 diabetes); these conditions are associated with ethnicspecific genetic variants. On the other hand, despite the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Mexican adults, there is a lack of awareness of these conditions. The public is not informed about the need for screening and the potential benefit of the lipidlowering treatments. Underdiagnosis and undertreatment are two of the main challenges to be solved. Dyslipidemias are not among the priorities of the health systems for the prevention of cardiovascular disease; access to laboratory resources and medications is insufficient in primary care units despite the proven cost-benefit of the treatment of lipid disorders. Evidencebased public policies are needed to change the practice and allocation of assets to be capable of preventing cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of dyslipidemia should have a prominent role in any effort to decrease the number of preventable deaths caused by non-communicable diseases. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2018;70:211-6)

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