To characterize the participation of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal regulation after adrenalectomy (ADX), we evaluated corticosterone, ACTH, AVP and OT plasma concentrations and AVP and OT content of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at different periods (3 h, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days) in sham or ADX rats under basal conditions and after immobilization stress. ADX animals showed undetectable corticosterone levels, while sham animals showed a marked increase in corticosterone and ACTH 3 h after surgery, then lowering to basal control levels. ADX rats showed high basal ACTH levels with a triphasic response without changes after immobilization. After three hours, the ADX group showed higher OT levels than the sham group. OT was increased after immobilization stress in sham and ADX groups. AVP plasma levels did not change throughout the basal or stress studies in either group. There was a decrease in hypothalamic AVP content 1 and 3 days after ADX under basal and stress conditions. Plasma osmolality showed a significant decrease in the ADX group at 3, 7, and 14 days. In conclusion, there are different pituitary-adrenal axis set points after removal of the glucocorticoid negative feedback. The role of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons in the ACTH secretion after ADX or immobilization stress appears to differ. Magnocellular AVP is unlikely to contribute to ACTH secretion in response to ADX or immobilization stress. On the other hand, OT is elicited by immobilization stress and might contribute to the ACTH secretion during short-term ADX.

This study evaluated the responses of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) neurons to alterations in hypothalamo-pituitary axis activity by adrenalectomy (ADX) or after restraint stress compared with basal conditions. Wistar male rats were perfuse-fixed by cardiac perfusion under anesthesia 3 h, 1, 3 and 14 days after ADX or Sham surgery. Coronal hypothalamic sections were used for evaluation of Fos, AVP and OT expression by immunohistochemistry. Under basal conditions and after stress, Fos-AVP double labeling showed no difference in the magnocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) or in the supraoptic nuclei (SON), suggesting that the magnocellular AVP system is unlikely to contribute to ACTH secretion after restraint in both Sham and ADX rats. Fos-AVP double labeling in the parvocellular medial paraventricular nucleus (PaMP) in ADX groups was increased after 3 h in basal conditions, and in all periods after restraint stress. There were no differences between Sham and ADX groups in Fos-OT double labeling in any subdivision of the PVN; however, in the SON, the number of Fos-OT double labeled cells was increased at all time-points after stress in the ADX group. Fos expression was increased in the PaMP after 3 h and after restraint stress in the Sham and ADX groups, especially in the ADX group. In conclusion, Fos expression in different cell populations of the PVN can be differentially regulated by short- and long-term absence of glucocorticoid negative feedback and also by stress-related excitatory and/or inhibitory neural inputs. The Fos-AVP double labeling findings in the PaMP also indicate a minor participation of these vasopressinergic neurons in the regulation of the HPA axis after ADX.

Objective: To evaluate the modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) on prolactin secretion in rats after adrenalectomy (ADX). Materials and methods: Plasma corticosterone, ACTH, and prolactin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in rats after bilateral ADX in the short-(3 hours and 1day) and long-term (3, 7, and 14 days). Results: Animals that underwent ADX showed undetectable corticosterone levels and a triphasic ACTH response with a transient increase (3h), a decrease (1d), and further increase in the long-term after ADX. Sham animals showed a marked increase in corticosterone and ACTH levels three hours after surgery, with a decrease to basal levels thereafter. Plasma prolactin levels were not changed after ADX. Conclusion: There are different points of equilibrium in the HPA axis after the glucocorticoid negative feedback is removed. Prolactin plasma secretion is not altered in the short or long-term after ADX, suggesting that the peptidergic neurons essential for prolactin release are not activated after ADX. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(4):244-9 Keywords Adrenalectomy; prolactin; corticosterone; adrenocorticotropic hormone ReSUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a modulação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) sobre a secreção de prolactina após adrenalectomia (ADX). Materiais e métodos: Quantificamos por RIE corticosterona, ACTH e prolactina plasmáticos em ratos após curtos (3 horas e 1 dia) e longos (3, 7 e 14 dias) períodos de ADX bilateral. Resultados: Animais ADX mostraram níveis indetectáveis de corticosterona. As concentrações plasmáticas de ACTH apresentaram resposta trifásica: aumento transitório (3h), diminuição (1d) e novo aumento após longos períodos de ADX. Animais Sham mostraram aumento de corticosterona/ACTH após três horas de cirurgia, diminuindo posteriormente aos níveis basais. As concentrações plasmáticas de prolactina não se alteraram após ADX. Conclusão: Existem diferentes pontos de equilíbrio do eixo HHA após a remoção da retroalimentação negativa exercida pelos glicocorticoides. A secreção de prolactina não se alterou após curtos/longos períodos de ADX, sugerindo que os neurônios peptidérgicos essenciais para a liberação de prolactina não estão ativados durante os diferentes períodos de ADX. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(4):244-9 Descritores