The authors would like to thank all the urban gardeners that participated to this part of the research, as well as the members of Comitato Borgata Mirafiori and the Urban Ecomuseum EUT/ 2 for their time together and exchange of knowledge and views. The Food Citizens? project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 724151).
Neste artigo, ao analizar a Feira Ecológica do Menino Deus, em Porto Alegre, Brasil, exploramos como são construídas narrativas contra-hegemônicas e formas de conhecimento em espaços como o estudado. Partindo de teorias sobre conhecimento prático e de debates teóricos relacionados à ética e política da alimentação, consideramos a feira como uma comunidade de prática, em que a aquisição de alimentos diretamente de agricultores diz respeito a uma relação social que implica construção de identidades, capacitação mútua e negociação política. A análise está fundamentada principalmente no trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado em Porto Alegre entre março e junho de 2016, incluindo observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidada realizadas na Feira do Menino Deus. O artigo explora as três dimensões acima mencionadas (construção de identidade, capacitação mútua e negociação política) como processos centrais e paralelos que ocorrem na feira, proporcionando arena frutífera para debates sobre padrões agroalimentares e sobre (re)defefinição e promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional e justiça social. Destacamos vínculos entre experiências, visões e modos de produção dos agricultores e mecanismos de governança, processos de aprendizagem e outras atividades relacionadas a Feira. Nesse contexto, sugerimos que, na comunidade de prática estudada, aspectos técnicos dos processos de aquisição dos productos estão imersos no domínio social e se traduzem em novos estilos de vida e visões do futuro. Por fim, vale destacar que este artigo busca vincular reflexões sobre a feira, capacitação mútua e negociações coletivas a fim de contribuir para o debate sobre alimentos locais como um projeto emancipatório.
Brazil has been widely lauded for the development of its agricultural sector, its policies against hunger, and its support of family farming. Yet, the future of small-scale family farmers remains uncertain. In this paper, we question whether food system localization facilitates the integration of small-scale family farmers into food governance processes in Porto Alegre, Brazil. To answer this, we present the City Region Food System (CRFS) as a conceptual approach to explore the relationship between food systems localization and enhanced participation of small-scale family farmers into food governance. After introducing the case study of local food in Porto Alegre, we shed light on key structural inequalities (e.g. location and capacity to organize) that limit family farmers' participation in local food practices, as well as influence their involvement in food governance. We then examine linkages between local food policy efforts and family farmers' praxis, attempting to discern mismatches and related implications for the development of an inclusive CRFS. We argue that systematization of local food practices (e.g. regulation and standardization of products) within the city region represents a double-edged sword as it might translate into a decrease in farmers' autonomy and ownership of local initiatives but could also burden them with regulations not fit for purpose. In conclusion, we advance that a CRFS approach to planning can help to address structural inequalities and power asymmetries in local food governance only if informed by local dynamics and based on context sensitive mechanisms for participatory governance incorporating a variety of small-scale family farmers (and other stakeholders).
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